海明威短篇小说中的尼克形象系列

发布时间：2018-08-04 12:55

【摘要】：关于海明威的研究，历来都是国内外评论家关注的重点，人们大多数将视角集中于海明威的“迷惘的一代”、“硬汉子”形象、“冰山理论”等方面，也有从存在主义，象征主义角度研究的，但是对于海明威短篇小说中反复出现的一个人物——尼克·亚当斯的关注并不多见，尤其对于这一形象的系统梳理和深入研究，还有待于进一步的挖掘。本文力图对散落在海明威短篇小说中的尼克形象进行整理，按尼克成长的经历，对这些文章进行重新编排，其中包括海明威在三个短篇小说集《在我们的时代》、《没有女人的男人》和《胜者一无所得》中已经发表的篇目和一些生前没有发表的篇目进行系统的梳理，主要通过文本细读的方式，力求系统而全面的展现尼克这一形象从童年到青年再到壮年的成长历程，通过对尼克成长过程中的经历的变化，分析其心理的变化，展示他独特的性格及这种性格形成的关键因素。另外，在对尼克形象进行梳理后，笔者发现，尼克这一形象的经历和性格特征符合海明威本人的某些独特的经历和性格，一方面，说明尼克这一形象对于海明威本人来说的自传性，另一方面，对比海明威后期著名的几部中长篇小说，发现，尼克形象在后来的人物身上都有所体现，可见这一形象在海明威创作中的重要性。尼克形象的成长过程鲜活的体现了那个年代“尼克式”的人物的集体特征，同时也包含了海明威笔下人物形象的基本特征，即传统意义上所说的“迷惘”性和“硬汉”精神。海明威在尼克身上较为系统的呈现了他作品中人物形象典型特征的呈现过程，尼克成长经历，心灵历练的种种变化，既是作家本人的变化，也是作家笔下诸多人物形象的变化。所以尼克形象在海明威作品中的原始性、基础性和集中性是毋庸置疑的。尼克的“迷惘”情绪的呈现典型体现了海明威本人包括后期作品中展现的“迷惘”情绪的呈现与超越，，对尼克所呈现的“硬汉”精神的研究也是海明威笔下“硬汉”精神的重要基础。尼克的“硬汉”精神作为一种性格特征，其身上所展现的“原始性”和对原始的回归倾向是海明威作品中“硬汉”人物的一个不容忽视的重要方面。综上所述，尼克这一形象在海明威的整个人生创作过程中发挥着无可替代的重要作用，他是海明威后期塑造的重要成功人物的基础，他是海明威笔下所有人物的灵魂。
[Abstract]:The study of Hemingway has always been the focus of domestic and foreign critics. Most people focus on Hemingway's "lost Generation", "hard Man" image, "iceberg theory" and so on, and also from existentialism. Symbolism is studied, but the attention of Nick Adams, a character in Hemingway's short story, is rare, especially for the systematic combing and further study of this image. This paper tries to sort out the image of Nick scattered in Hemingway's short stories and rearrange these articles according to Nick's growing up experience. These include Hemingway's published articles in three collections of short stories, "in our time", "Men without Women" and "winners with nothing", and some of the articles that were not published in their lifetime. Mainly through the way of careful reading of the text, we try to show the image of Nick from childhood to youth and then to the mature age, and analyze the changes of his psychology through the change of his experience in the process of growing up. Demonstrate his unique character and the key factors in its formation. In addition, after combing the image of Nick, the author finds that the experience and character characteristics of Nick's image accord with Hemingway's own unique experience and personality, on the one hand, It shows that the image of Nick is autobiographical for Hemingway himself. On the other hand, comparing several famous novels in Hemingway's later period, we find that the image of Nick is reflected in the later characters. We can see the importance of this image in Hemingway's creation. The growing process of Nick's image reflects the collective characteristics of the "Nick" characters of that period, and also includes the basic features of Hemingway's characters, that is, the "perplexity" and the "tough man" spirit in the traditional sense. Hemingway systematically presents the process of presenting typical characters in his works. Nick's growing up experience and various changes in his mind are not only the changes of the writer himself, but also the changes of many characters in his works. Therefore, the image of Nick in Hemingway's works of originality, foundation and centrality is beyond doubt. The presentation of Nick's "lost" emotion is typical of Hemingway's appearance and transcendence of the "lost" emotion in his later works. The study of the spirit of "tough man" presented by Nick is also the important basis of Hemingway's spirit of "tough man". As a kind of character, Nick's "tough man" spirit shows "originality" and his tendency to return to the original, which is an important aspect of the character of "tough man" in Hemingway's works. To sum up, the image of Nick plays an irreplaceable important role in Hemingway's entire life creation process. He is the foundation of Hemingway's later important successful characters, and he is the soul of all the characters in Hemingway's works.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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