消费社会视域下《更多的人死于心碎》解析

发布时间：2018-08-04 19:39

【摘要】：索尔·贝娄被认为是继海明威和福克纳后，美国文坛最杰出的作家。在1976年，，贝娄由于对当代文化富于人性的理解和精妙的分析获得诺贝尔文学奖。在其诸多小说中，贝娄都曾表露过对消费为主导的消费社会和物质至上的消费现象的批判，其作品《更多的人死于心碎》这部小说也是如此。贝娄在《更多的人死于心碎》中描述了当代物质主义和享乐主义的消费社会现状，并对现代消费社会中人类精神荒原的现状进行思考。本论文旨在从小说主人公贝恩·克拉德对纯真浪漫的柏拉图式爱情的向往、对传统理想有序婚姻模式的追求、和对亲密亲情关系的眷恋以及自己信念原则的坚守等几个方面心碎历程的分析，探讨消费社会视域下《更多的人死于心碎》中，当代人类精神荒原的现状，并为读者展示贝娄对当代荒诞英雄貌似荒诞的对理想王国的执着追求的描写。本篇论文包括四个部分：第一部分（第零章）对作家、作品、国内外研究现状进行简要介绍，以期读者对论文的背景知识有全面的了解。第二部分（第一章）阐释鲍德里亚提出的消费社会理论，对消费和消费社会的概念进行界定，同时总结消费社会的三个特点。即在消费社会中消费活动由消费物品的使用价值向消费其符号价值转换、人类道德观由传统清教价值观向享乐主义价值观转换、生产为主导的社会结构向消费主导转换。为后文消费社会的特点导致的负面影响（符号化、物化、异化）和对贝恩·克拉德心碎经历影响的分析做铺垫。第三部分（第二章、第三章和第四章）分别分析了消费社会中，贝恩·克拉德的符号化导致其柏拉图式纯真爱情理想的破灭，异化导致的传统观念上天伦之乐的婚姻模式的破灭和物化导致的对亲情眷恋和信念原则的坚守的失败。这部分为读者展示了主人公爱情、婚姻和亲情原则几个方面心碎历程的根源，即消费社会对人类精神的压抑，操纵和控制，使人失去行动力、失去尊严、失去自我。第四部分（第五章）分析当代消费社会的荒原景观，以及人类在失乐园上对一方乐土的貌似荒诞的追求。首先通过对玛蒂尔达、拉亚蒙医生、契尼克法官、肯尼斯、蒂塔、特里基、州长及其幕僚等人物的分析，展现消费社会中当代人的精神现状。其次从荒诞社会新的道德观对传统道德观的胜利，贝恩对精神世界一方净土的执着守望，当代人与魔鬼协议的终结等三方面展现荒诞世界中的荒诞英雄的追求。总之，通过主人公贝恩·克拉德的心碎人生经历，贝娄不仅展示了当代人精神荒原的现状，更对导致荒原景观的消费社会以及消费文化进行了批判。同时通过描写贝恩永不放弃希望、执着追求，毅然做出离开玛蒂尔达飞往北极研究苔藓的决定，表明人类在消费社会中能够寻找到平静、有序乐园的可能性。
[Abstract]:Saul Bellow is regarded as the most outstanding writer in American literature after Hemingway and Faulkner. In 1976, Bellow won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his understanding of contemporary culture and its subtle analysis. In many of his novels, Bellow has criticized the consumption-dominated consumer society and the consumptive phenomenon of material supremacy, as well as his novel "more people die of heartbreak". Bellow describes the current situation of modern materialism and hedonism in "more people dying of heartbreak", and thinks about the present situation of human spirit wasteland in modern consumer society. This thesis aims at the pursuit of the traditional ideal and orderly marriage model from the novel protagonist Baincrad's yearning for the pure romantic platonic love and the pursuit of the traditional ideal and orderly marriage mode. And the analysis of the heartbreak course in several aspects, such as the attachment to the intimate kinship relationship and the adherence to the principles of one's own beliefs, to explore the current situation of the contemporary human spiritual wasteland in "more people dying of heartbreak" in the perspective of the consumer society. And show the reader Bellow's description of the seemingly absurd pursuit of the ideal kingdom. This thesis consists of four parts: the first part (Chapter 0) briefly introduces the writer, works, domestic and foreign research status so that readers can have a comprehensive understanding of the background of the paper. The second part (chapter one) explains Baudrillard's theory of consumer society, defines the concept of consumption and consumer society, and summarizes the three characteristics of consumer society. That is, in the consumer society, the consumption activity changes from the use value of the consumer goods to the symbolic value of the consumption, the human morality changes from the traditional Puritan values to the hedonistic values, and the production-oriented social structure transforms to the consumption-oriented. It paves the way for the negative influence (symbolization, materialization, alienation) caused by the characteristics of the later consumer society and the analysis of the influence of Baincrad's heartbreak experience. The third part (chapter two, chapter three and chapter four) analyzes separately that the symbolization of Baincrad leads to the collapse of his platonic ideal of pure love. Alienation leads to the breakdown of the traditional concept of happy marriage and the failure of materialization to stick to the principles of affection and belief. This part shows readers the root of the heartbreak course of the protagonist's love, marriage and kinship principle, that is, the consumer society depresses, manipulates and controls the human spirit, so that people lose their action, dignity and self. The fourth part (chapter five) analyzes the wasteland landscape of contemporary consumer society and the seemingly absurd pursuit of a happy land in paradise lost. First, through the analysis of Mathilda, Dr. Laarmon, Judge Chenick, Kenneth, Tita, Triki, Governor and his staff and other characters, it shows the contemporary spirit of consumer society. Secondly, it shows the pursuit of absurd heroes in the absurd world from three aspects: the victory of the new morality of the absurd society over the traditional morality, the persistence of Bain in the spiritual world and the end of the agreement between contemporary people and the devil. In a word, through the heart-breaking life experience of the protagonist Baincrad, Bellow not only shows the present situation of the spiritual wasteland of contemporary people, but also criticizes the consumer society and consumer culture that lead to the wasteland landscape. At the same time, by describing Bain never giving up hope, persistent pursuit, the decision to leave Mathilda to fly to the Arctic to study moss, shows that human beings can find the possibility of peaceful, orderly paradise in the consumer society.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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