《远离尘嚣》的空间批评分析
发布时间：2018-08-31 11:57
【摘要】：托马斯·哈代(1837-1901)是英国维多利亚时期一位著名的作家和诗人,他一生创作了多部广为人知的“威塞克斯”小说系列,也称“性格与环境小说”。哈代的小说反映了他的文学思想的三个阶段。小说《远离尘嚣》发表于1874年,是他的成名作,也是他文学事业的转折点。 空间批评理论是一种结合了文化地理学与文学的新的文学批评方法。空间批评理论认为“空间”不是时间的附庸或静止的被动的容器,而是在特定的文化基础上形成的一种强大的社会力量。法国社会理论家昂利·列斐伏尔(Henri Lefebvre)和米歇尔·福柯(Michel Foucault)是空间批评的早期奠基者。迈克·克朗(Mike Crang)对文化地理学理论贡献颇多。昂利·列斐伏尔认为任何由社会生产出来的空间都是由“空间实践”(Spatial Practices)、“空间呈现”(Representations of Space)和“呈现的空间”(Spaces of Representation)辩证地混合而成的。空间批评将文学作品中的景观看做是空间隐喻,空间能够折射出小说中的社会关系和作者的思想观念,体现出文学作品的深层社会意义。景观包括物质景观与非物质景观。前者包括人们感官所能体验的,例如颜色、形状、建筑、文字等等。后者包括不同因素例如意识形态、世界观和政治因素等等。结合空间理论的观点,我们可以分析文学作品的景观隐喻所表达的社会意义。 本文试图结合空间理论的观点,分析《远离尘嚣》所蕴含的社会意义。小说有不同的空间,例如建筑空间与自然景观空间。建筑空间和自然景观空间有其蕴含的社会关系,这些社会关系规范着人的意识形态与行为。 建筑空间包括赫斯特太太的农舍、卡斯特布里奇粮食市场、大谷仓和教堂。赫斯特太太的农舍是芭思希芭·埃弗汀初到诺科姆山投奔她姑妈赫斯特太太所居住的农舍。农舍是乡村的小屋,居住在农舍的赫斯特太太和芭思希芭·埃弗汀没有钱雇佣别人照料生病的奶牛和挤奶,不得不自己承担这些体力劳动。和不久以后芭思希芭·埃弗汀继承她叔叔的农场所居住的庄园宅地相比,赫斯特太太的农舍是劣势的生活空间,这种劣势生活空间暗示着低下的社会地位。卡斯特布里奇粮食市场是父权制社会的公共空间,这个空间暗示着男性性别优势。在父权制社会,社会空间大致分为两部分：中心的,公共的,重要的空间被分配给男性；从属的,私人的,次要的空间被分配给女性。女性通常局限于私人空间,主要是家庭和厨房。芭思希芭·埃弗汀在卡斯特布里奇粮食市场与男性农场主做生意是不合传统的举动,这一举动跨越了男性女性空间隐性的边界线,从而一定程度上冒犯了男性农场主。他们无法容忍这一举动。卡斯特布里奇粮食市场起到了对芭思希芭·埃弗汀监视的作用,并规范着芭思希芭·埃弗汀的行为。大谷仓有四百多年的历史,是这个教区最自然、保存最完整的的古老建筑。它的结构和它的古老使它堪与教堂相媲美。大谷仓暗示着父权制社会的传统。小说里的教堂象征着宗教对人的束缚,宗教教义规范着人的行为。遵守宗教教义的人受到上帝的保佑,结局美好；违反宗教教义的人受到上帝的惩罚,结局凄惨。 自然景观空间包括草场,林地,闪电和雷鸣。草场是辽阔宽广的空间,也是生机盎然的空间。它预示着博尔德伍德爱情的觉醒。草场是爱情的舞台。和这个美丽的爱情景观相对比,哈代呈现了范妮阴郁的林地死亡空间。当灵车拉着范妮的棺材经过林地时,林地就像是一个怪物,冷漠地注视着这个可怜女孩的凄惨境遇。死亡的气息笼罩着这个压抑的空间。闪电和雷鸣是威慑的空间,人类要学习如何在这个空间中生存下去。 芭思希芭·埃弗汀初到诺科姆山投奔她姑妈赫斯特太太,然后又去韦瑟伯利继承她叔叔的农场,经济上取得独立。她努力寻求爱情及婚姻的独立,但她不当的婚姻选择迫使她屈从于父权制和宗教教义。芭思希芭·埃弗汀最终嫁给奥克,是屈从于教区中暗含的权力与各种社会关系。她年轻、富有,不愿意轻易结婚成为丈夫的财产,但却因自己的冲动与虚荣而受到生活的惩戒。表面看来,芭思希芭·埃弗汀的不幸源于她自身的缺陷；究其实质,芭思希芭·埃弗汀的悲剧是空间的转换中社会关系与权力分配的对抗与屈从。《远离尘嚣》小说中描写了威塞克斯地区的风土人情,宗教信仰和经济状况,体现了作者对父权制和基督教的肯定态度,同时也体现了作者对英国维多利亚时期资本主义入侵、农村社会解体等现象的思考与探索。 运用空间批评理论分析《远离尘嚣》中的建筑空间和自然景观空间,得出结论,即空间中的权力与社会关系规范着人的行为。我们应该探讨和理解空间中隐含的权力以及文学作品的社会意义。
[Abstract]:Thomas Hardy (1837-1901) was a famous writer and poet in Victorian England. He wrote many well-known series of "Wessex" novels, also known as "character and environment novels". Hardy's novels reflected three stages of his literary thought. The novel "Far from the noise" was published in 1874, which was his achievement. His masterpiece is also a turning point in his literary career.
Space criticism theory is a new method of literary criticism which combines cultural geography with literature. Space criticism theory holds that "space" is not a dependency of time or a static passive container, but a powerful social force formed on a specific cultural basis. Henri Lefebvre, French social theorist Mike Crang contributed a lot to the theory of cultural geography. Henry Lefebvre believes that any space produced by society is "Spatial Practices", "Representations of Space" and "Presentations of Space". Spaces of Representation is a dialectical blend. Space criticism regards the landscape in literary works as a metaphor of space. Space reflects the social relations in the novel and the author's ideas, and reflects the deep social significance of literary works. Landscape includes material landscape and non-material landscape. The former includes man. The latter includes different factors such as ideology, world outlook and political factors, etc. Combining the viewpoint of space theory, we can analyze the social meaning of landscape metaphors in literary works.
This paper attempts to analyze the social significance of Far from the Rage from the Perspective of Space Theory. The novel has different spaces, such as architectural space and natural landscape space.
The building space includes Mrs. Hurst's cottage, the Casterbridge Grain Market, the Grand Barn and the Church. Mrs. Hurst's cottage is the cottage where Bathsheba Everton first came to Mount Nocome to live with her aunt Mrs. Hurst. The cottage is a country cottage, where Mrs. Hurst and Bathsheba Everton live. Mrs. Hurst's cottage was a disadvantaged living space, suggesting a low social status, compared with the manor where Bathsheba Everton soon inherited her uncle's farm. In patriarchal societies, social space is roughly divided into two parts: central, public, and important spaces are allocated to men; subordinate, private, and secondary spaces are allocated to women. It's family and kitchen. Business with male farmers at the Casterbridge food market is an unconventional move that crosses the hidden boundaries of male and female space and offends male farmers to a certain extent. They can't tolerate it. Casterbridge food markets play a role. The Grand Barn, which has a history of more than 400 years, is the most natural and well-preserved ancient building in the parish. Its structure and its antiquity make it comparable to the church. The Grand Barn implies the tradition of patriarchal society. It symbolizes the bondage of religion to man. Religious doctrine regulates man's behavior. Those who abide by religious doctrine are blessed by God and have a happy ending. Those who violate religious doctrine are punished by God and have a miserable ending.
The natural landscape space includes meadows, woodlands, lightning and thunder. The meadows are vast, spacious, and vibrant spaces. They herald the awakening of Boldwood's love. The meadows are the stage of love. Compared with this beautiful landscape of love, Hardy presents Fanny's gloomy woodland death space. When the hearse pulls Fanny's coffin. Lightning and thunder are spaces of deterrence, in which humans learn how to survive.
Bathsheba Everton first went to Norcomb Hill to visit her aunt, Mrs. Hurst, and then went to Wetherbury to inherit her uncle's farm for financial independence. She was young, rich, and unwilling to marry easily to become her husband's property, but she was punished by life for her impulses and vanity. On the surface, Bathsheba Everton's misfortune stems from her own flaws; in essence, Bathsheba Everton's tragedy is space. Confrontation and submission between social relations and power distribution in the transformation. The novel depicts the local customs, religious beliefs and economic conditions in the Wessex area, and reflects the author's affirmative attitude towards patriarchy and Christianity, as well as the author's invasion of British Victorian capitalism and the disintegration of rural society. Thinking and exploration of phenomena.
By using the theory of space criticism, this paper analyzes the architectural space and the natural landscape space in "Far from the noise" and draws a conclusion that the power and social relationship in space regulate human behavior.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2214912
[Abstract]:Thomas Hardy (1837-1901) was a famous writer and poet in Victorian England. He wrote many well-known series of "Wessex" novels, also known as "character and environment novels". Hardy's novels reflected three stages of his literary thought. The novel "Far from the noise" was published in 1874, which was his achievement. His masterpiece is also a turning point in his literary career.
Space criticism theory is a new method of literary criticism which combines cultural geography with literature. Space criticism theory holds that "space" is not a dependency of time or a static passive container, but a powerful social force formed on a specific cultural basis. Henri Lefebvre, French social theorist Mike Crang contributed a lot to the theory of cultural geography. Henry Lefebvre believes that any space produced by society is "Spatial Practices", "Representations of Space" and "Presentations of Space". Spaces of Representation is a dialectical blend. Space criticism regards the landscape in literary works as a metaphor of space. Space reflects the social relations in the novel and the author's ideas, and reflects the deep social significance of literary works. Landscape includes material landscape and non-material landscape. The former includes man. The latter includes different factors such as ideology, world outlook and political factors, etc. Combining the viewpoint of space theory, we can analyze the social meaning of landscape metaphors in literary works.
This paper attempts to analyze the social significance of Far from the Rage from the Perspective of Space Theory. The novel has different spaces, such as architectural space and natural landscape space.
The building space includes Mrs. Hurst's cottage, the Casterbridge Grain Market, the Grand Barn and the Church. Mrs. Hurst's cottage is the cottage where Bathsheba Everton first came to Mount Nocome to live with her aunt Mrs. Hurst. The cottage is a country cottage, where Mrs. Hurst and Bathsheba Everton live. Mrs. Hurst's cottage was a disadvantaged living space, suggesting a low social status, compared with the manor where Bathsheba Everton soon inherited her uncle's farm. In patriarchal societies, social space is roughly divided into two parts: central, public, and important spaces are allocated to men; subordinate, private, and secondary spaces are allocated to women. It's family and kitchen. Business with male farmers at the Casterbridge food market is an unconventional move that crosses the hidden boundaries of male and female space and offends male farmers to a certain extent. They can't tolerate it. Casterbridge food markets play a role. The Grand Barn, which has a history of more than 400 years, is the most natural and well-preserved ancient building in the parish. Its structure and its antiquity make it comparable to the church. The Grand Barn implies the tradition of patriarchal society. It symbolizes the bondage of religion to man. Religious doctrine regulates man's behavior. Those who abide by religious doctrine are blessed by God and have a happy ending. Those who violate religious doctrine are punished by God and have a miserable ending.
The natural landscape space includes meadows, woodlands, lightning and thunder. The meadows are vast, spacious, and vibrant spaces. They herald the awakening of Boldwood's love. The meadows are the stage of love. Compared with this beautiful landscape of love, Hardy presents Fanny's gloomy woodland death space. When the hearse pulls Fanny's coffin. Lightning and thunder are spaces of deterrence, in which humans learn how to survive.
Bathsheba Everton first went to Norcomb Hill to visit her aunt, Mrs. Hurst, and then went to Wetherbury to inherit her uncle's farm for financial independence. She was young, rich, and unwilling to marry easily to become her husband's property, but she was punished by life for her impulses and vanity. On the surface, Bathsheba Everton's misfortune stems from her own flaws; in essence, Bathsheba Everton's tragedy is space. Confrontation and submission between social relations and power distribution in the transformation.
By using the theory of space criticism, this paper analyzes the architectural space and the natural landscape space in "Far from the noise" and draws a conclusion that the power and social relationship in space regulate human behavior.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074
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