女性主义叙事视角下的小说《火山恋人》研究

发布时间：2018-09-02 05:54

【摘要】：苏珊?桑塔格是美国最负盛名的当代女性作家之一。《火山恋人》是她的第三部长篇小说,也是她最受欢迎的作品。在这部作品中,桑塔格通过塑造一系列形象鲜明的人物形象,真实的反映了18世纪的欧洲女性的生存境况,表现了她对女性社会地位的深度关注。小说于1992年出版时,就获得了巨大反响。批评家们用不同的理论方法解读这部小说并取得了丰硕的成果,但是迄今为止,关于这部小说的女性主义叙事学研究尚不多见。本文试图从女性叙事学的角度对小说进行细致的分析和解读。女性主义叙事学兴起于二十世纪八十年代,作为该理论的领军人物,苏珊·兰瑟和罗宾·沃霍尔将结构主义叙事学和女性主义文学批评有机地结合在一起,赋予叙事策略性别政治意义。本文将从叙事声音、叙事视角、叙事意象三个角度来解析小说。笔者试图通过探讨小说的叙事策略来揭示男权社会对女性的压制和奴役,并说明建立女性权威及实现女性主体性的重要意义。本论文分为六个部分,除了引言与结论外,正文分为四章。引言部分首先对美国女作家苏珊·桑塔格的生平经历及文学成就进行了简略的介绍,同时扼要地说明了小说《火山恋人》的故事梗概并对文献资料进行了梳理,最后对本论文的写作框架进行了简要论述。第一章阐述了本文的理论基础。首先介绍了女性叙事学源于女性主义文学批评及经典叙事学及其发展历程,其次笔者从叙事声音,叙事视角及叙事意象三个方面阐述了女性叙事学的理论内容。第二章运用兰瑟的叙述声音理论对小说进行了详细的分析。第一节简要分析了小说中出现的作者型叙述声音,指出小说采用作者型叙述声音来强化叙述声音的真实性和权威性;第二节简要介绍兰瑟的集体型叙述声音并指出小说运用集体型叙述声音中的单言形式,使在男权社会中失语的女性发出自己的声音。她们成为叙事的主体参与文本的建构以确保故事叙述的完整性。第三章关注了小说的叙述视角。本章第一节分析了小说中存在的多重叙事视角,打破了传统小说叙述视角相对固定的传统,拓展了读者的阅读空间;第二节着眼于叙述视角所体现的政治含义,从男性叙事视角出发,展示了女性被压制,被视为他者的真实生活状态,而后从女性叙述视角出发,阐述了女性实现自身地位主体化的过程。第四章分析了小说中的两个主要意象。通过对恋人意象的分析,笔者认为桑塔格笔下的男性人物不再是占有主宰地位的英雄形象,而是一些精神和肉体都处于缺失状态的人物,桑塔格通过对男性权威的颠覆,对女性的聪明、智慧及自我价值进行了充分的肯定;小说中的三位女性人物作为火山意象的的具象体现,隐喻着不同形式的激情,同时她们的经历也暗示了女性运动由自我意识觉醒、自我价值追寻到男权专制反抗的发展历程,从而肯定了女性对于建构自我权威所作出的努力。结论部分指出在小说《火山恋人》中,桑塔格通过运用不同的叙事手法颠覆了男性叙事传统,揭示男权社会对女性的压制和奴役,体现了女性意识的觉醒并对建立女性权威的具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Susan Sontag is one of the most famous contemporary female writers in the United States. Volcano Lover is her third novel and her most popular work. In this novel, Sontag reflects the living conditions of European women in the 18th century by creating a series of vivid characters. When the novel was published in 1992, it received tremendous response. Critics interpreted the novel with different theoretical methods and achieved fruitful results, but so far, the feminist narrative study of the novel is rare. This paper attempts to elaborate the novel from the perspective of feminist narratology. Analysis and Interpretation. Feminist Narratology emerged in the 1980s. As the leading figures of this theory, Susan Lanser and Robin Warhol organically combine structuralist narratology with feminist literary criticism, endowing the narrative strategy with gender political significance. This paper will focus on narrative voice, narrative perspective and narrative meaning. This thesis is divided into six parts. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the main body is divided into four chapters. The first part of the introduction is the American women's work. The author gives a brief introduction to Susan Sontag's life experience and literary achievements. At the same time, she gives a brief account of the story outline of the novel "Volcano Lover" and combs out the literature. Finally, she briefly discusses the writing framework of this paper. The first chapter expounds the theoretical basis of this paper. Firstly, it introduces the origin of female narratology. Feminist Literary Criticism, Classical Narratology and Its Development Course. Secondly, the author expounds the theoretical content of feminist narratology from three aspects: narrative voice, narrative perspective and narrative imagery. In the second chapter, Lanser's narrative voice theory is used to analyze the novel in detail. The second section briefly introduces Lanser's collective narrative voice and points out that the monosyllabic form of collective narrative voice is used in the novel to make the women who are aphasic in the patriarchal society express their own voices. The third chapter focuses on the narrative perspective of the novel. The first section of this chapter analyzes the multiple narrative perspectives in the novel, breaking the tradition of relatively fixed narrative perspectives in traditional novels, and expanding the reader's reading space. The second section focuses on the political implications of the narrative perspective, from the male perspective. From the perspective of sexual narration, this paper shows that women are suppressed and regarded as the real life of the other. Then from the perspective of female narration, it expounds the process of women's subjectification of their own status. Chapter Four analyzes the two main images in the novel. Through the analysis of Lovers'images, the author believes that the male characters in Sontag's works are no longer the same. Sontag fully affirms women's intelligence, wisdom and self-worth by subverting the male authority. The three female characters in the novel represent the volcanic image and metaphor different forms of passion. At the same time, their experiences also indicate the development of women's movement from self-consciousness awakening, self-value pursuit to patriarchal rebellion, thus affirming women's efforts to construct self-authority. It reveals the oppression and enslavement of women by the patriarchal society, which embodies the awakening of women's consciousness and is of great significance to the establishment of women's authority.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I712.074

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