论严歌苓《扶桑》中的辩证“凝视”

发布时间：2018-11-21 08:56

【摘要】：严歌苓的作品《扶桑》自]996年发表以来因其细腻的笔法和独特的写作方法获得了诸多好评,并于200]年由凯茜.西尔柏翻译成英文在欧美各大图书市场畅销。评论界对该小说的研究视角主要集中在人物形象分析,对比分析和写作技巧上。本文从一个不同的角度,即凝视和福柯的全景敞视理论的背景下,深入分析和探究在父权制下凝视并不是单向的,并不是只有男性才凝视,而是双向发生的：男性通过凝视企图控制、占有和规训女性；与此同时,女性并不是被动无力的接受男性的凝视,而是逐渐成长为一股温和的反抗男性凝视的重要力量,颠覆男性在父权社会的主导力量,完成对男性的规训。论文包括三大部分。第一部分为第一章,主要介绍作者严歌苓和作品《扶桑》,以及该作品的国内外研究综述。第二部分是文章的主体,包括第二、三、四三个章节。第二章是论文的理论基础部分：凝视和福柯的全景敞视理论。福柯由边沁圆形监狱的原型发展出全景敞视理论,该理论以凝视为媒介实现控制、占有和规训凝视对象的功效。传统的凝视理论认为在父权社会中女性是权力关系的弱者,只能被动的接受男性的凝视,进而被男性控制和规训。而福柯的全景敞视理论则认为整个社会是一张权力关系之网,在这张网中的每一个个体都是互相联系的,因此,女性在被男性凝视的同时也会发动对其的反凝视,以消解被男性规训和控制的目的。第三章论述了父权体制下男性对女性的凝视,即小说的两位男性角色克里斯和大勇对扶桑的凝视。作为美国男权社会的产物,克里斯从文化和性别两个角度对扶桑进行凝视；而大勇则是中国男权社会的代表,他也从性别的角度对扶桑进行凝视,二者的凝视都以规训和占有扶桑为目的。第四章主要论述了女性对男性的凝视,即分析了作为权力关系中的反抗力量,扶桑凭借着她温和沉默和宽容的女性凝视,对父权制发起了反抗和挑战。通过她的凝视作用,克里斯和大勇这两位男性都发生了巨大的改变。扶桑成功地进行了对父权制的挑战。第三部分为第五章,对全文进行了总结,号召对父权社会体制下的凝视现象予以更多的重视并平等公平的待人接物,建立一个更加友好和谐的社会。
[Abstract]:Since its publication in 1996, Yan Geling's work "Fusang" has been well received by Kathy for its exquisite style of writing and unique writing method. Silber translated into English in Europe and the United States in the major book market best-selling. Critics focus on the analysis of characters, contrastive analysis and writing skills. This paper, from a different angle, namely staring and Foucault's panoramic open view theory, deeply analyzes and explores that staring under patriarchy is not unidirectional, but not only male gazing. It occurs in both directions: men attempt to control, possess and discipline women through gaze; At the same time, women do not passively accept male gaze, but gradually grow into a moderate resistance to male gaze an important force, subverting male dominant power in the patriarchal society, completing the discipline of men. The thesis consists of three parts. The first part is the first chapter, mainly introduces the author Yan Geling and his work Fusang, as well as the domestic and foreign research summary of this work. The second part is the main body of the article, including the second, third, and 43 chapters. The second chapter is the theoretical basis of the thesis: staring and Foucault's panoramic open view theory. Foucault developed the panoramic open view theory from the prototype of Bentham Round Prison, which uses gaze as a medium to control, possess and discipline the efficacy of gaze objects. The traditional gazing theory holds that in the patriarchal society, women are weak in power relations and can only passively accept the gaze of men and then be controlled and disciplined by men. Foucault's panoramic open view theory holds that society as a whole is a network of power relations, in which every individual is interconnected, so that women, while being stared at by men, also initiate anti-gaze. To dispel the purpose of being disciplined and controlled by men. The third chapter discusses the male gaze on women under the patriarchal system, namely the two male characters in the novel Chris and Da Yong's gaze on Fusang. As the product of American patriarchal society, Chris gazed at Fusang from two angles of culture and gender. Da Yong is the representative of Chinese patriarchal society. He also gazes at Fusang from the angle of gender, both of which are aimed at discipline and possession of Fusang. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the female gaze to the male, that is to say, analyzes the resistance power in the power relation, Fusang, with her gentle silence and tolerant female gaze, launches the resistance and the challenge to the patriarchy. Through her gaze, both Chris and Da Yong have changed dramatically. Fusang successfully challenged patriarchy. The third part is the fifth chapter, summarizes the full text, calls for more attention to the phenomenon of gaze under the patriarchal social system and equal and fair treatment of people, to establish a more friendly and harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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