《教授的房子》的生态主义解读
发布时间：2018-12-07 18:54
【摘要】：薇拉·凯瑟是20世纪美国颇具影响力的作家。其前期作品大多描述中西部边疆生活,歌颂拓荒者精神；后期作品转向宗教和历史题材,探索真正的身心和谐与人生归宿。《教授的房子》是凯瑟转型时期的代表作品之一。小说从审美的角度展现了男主人公圣彼得教授在物欲横流的现实社会中对完整自我的无望探索与追求。通过勾勒蓝方山的自然美以及古印第安人在自然里诗意栖居的审美图式,凯瑟表达了回归自然与心灵,重建精神家园的愿望。本文把该作品置于生态批评的理论框架中,主要运用自然生态、社会生态、精神生态的相关理论,探讨作品蕴涵的生态哲思及凯瑟的生态智慧。生态批评在环境问题日益严峻的背景下应运而生,并成为文学流派中的显学。它旨在通过文学批评来重新审视文化,进行文化批评与反思,解构人类中心主义,唤醒人类的生态保护意识。生态批评倡导人与自然、社会、人的身与心和谐相处,实现人类物质追求与精神追求的平衡发展。论文首先简要介绍凯瑟及其主要作品、凯瑟研究现状,尤其是《教授的房子》的国内外研究文献、论文的写作目的及结构。接着着重介绍论文的理论基础：生态批评概述,包括生态批评的定义、起源与发展、理论来源与内涵以及采用的研究方法。这为下文从自然生态,社会生态,精神生态三方面详细解读做好了铺垫。第三章从自然生态批评角度出发,探讨了教授对和谐自然生态的追求。第一部分展现令圣彼特教授窒息的自然生活环境,解读彼得教授破旧的出租屋和马塞卢斯一家的奥兰屋所体现的自然生态内涵；第二部分呈现汤姆在蓝方山悬崖城上伊甸园般的生活,解读了湖边小屋、大峡谷、石头城等自然意象的生态蕴涵,剖析了汤姆与自然合为一体的生态智慧；第三部分解读了教授对“诗意栖居”的渴望；本章尝试总结了自然的内在价值和审美价值,暗示人类应该与自然和谐相处。第四章从社会生态批评角度,揭露并批判了政府官僚化,大学腐败行政化等现象,呈现拜金主义价值观导致人际关系的异化与不和谐,如教授与妻子名存实亡的婚姻,女儿凯瑟琳与罗斯间冷漠的姐妹情,教授与同事间不和谐的社交情。通过教授,凯瑟表达了她对物欲横流的现实社会、对人类文明及战争的否定与批判。第五章从精神生态批评的角度详细阐述教授的身份危机,宗教信仰危机以及中年心理危机,指出了精神生态——人的身心和谐的重要性。论文最后指出凯瑟是一位伟大的生态作家,她的作品展示了超前的生态智慧,突出人与自然和谐相处的重要性与必要性,为化解环境危机指明出路,那就是人与外在世界——人与人,人与自然,及人的自身世界——身与心的和谐。
[Abstract]:Vera Cather is an influential American writer in the 20 th century. Most of his earlier works describe the life of the central and western frontier and eulogize the spirit of pioneers, while his later works turn to religious and historical themes to explore the true harmony of body and mind and the end of life. "Professor's House" is one of the representative works of Cather's transition period. From the aesthetic point of view, the novel shows the protagonist Professor St. Peter's hopeless exploration and pursuit of the complete self in the materialistic society. By outlining the natural beauty of the Blue Fangshan Mountains and the aesthetic patterns of the poetic dwelling of the ancient Indians in nature, Cather expressed her desire to return to nature and the soul and to rebuild the spiritual homeland. This paper puts this work in the theoretical framework of ecological criticism, mainly uses the related theories of natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology, and probes into the ecological philosophy contained in the works and the ecological wisdom of Cather. Ecological criticism emerges as the times require under the background of increasingly serious environmental problems and has become a prominent school of literature. It aims to re-examine culture through literary criticism, carry out cultural criticism and reflection, deconstruct anthropocentrism and awaken human ecological protection consciousness. Ecological criticism advocates harmonious coexistence between man and nature, society, human body and mind, and realizes the balanced development of material pursuit and spiritual pursuit. Firstly, the paper briefly introduces Cather and his main works, the present situation of Cather's research, especially the domestic and foreign research literature of Professor's House, the purpose and structure of the thesis. Then it introduces the theoretical basis of the thesis: an overview of ecological criticism, including the definition, origin and development of ecological criticism, theoretical sources and connotations, and the research methods adopted. This for the following from the natural ecology, social ecology, spiritual ecology three aspects of the detailed interpretation of the foreshadowing. The third chapter discusses the professor's pursuit of harmonious natural ecology from the perspective of natural ecological criticism. The first part presents the natural living environment which makes Professor Saint Peter suffocate, and interprets the natural ecological connotation of Professor Peter's dilapidated rental house and the Marcelus house of Oran. The second part presents Tom's Eden life in Blue Square Mountain Cliff City, explains the ecological implication of natural images such as lake house, Grand Canyon and Stone City, and analyzes the ecological wisdom of Tom and nature. The third part interprets the professor's desire for "poetic dwelling"; this chapter attempts to summarize the intrinsic value and aesthetic value of nature, implying that human beings should live in harmony with nature. Chapter four, from the angle of social ecological criticism, exposes and criticizes the phenomena of government bureaucracy, corruption and administration of universities, and presents the alienation and disharmony of interpersonal relationship caused by the values of money worship, such as the marriage of professor and wife, which exists in name only. Daughter Catherine and Rose between the indifferent sisterhood, professor and colleagues between the social discord. Through the professor, Cather expresses her negation and criticism of the materialistic society, human civilization and war. In the fifth chapter, the status crisis of professor, the crisis of religious belief and the psychological crisis of middle age are expounded in detail from the angle of spiritual ecological criticism, and the importance of spiritual ecology, the harmony of human body and mind, is pointed out. Finally, the paper points out that Cather is a great ecological writer. Her works show advanced ecological wisdom, highlight the importance and necessity of harmony between man and nature, and point out a way out for resolving the environmental crisis. That is the harmony between man and the outside world-man and man, man and nature, and man's own world-body and heart.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2367669
[Abstract]:Vera Cather is an influential American writer in the 20 th century. Most of his earlier works describe the life of the central and western frontier and eulogize the spirit of pioneers, while his later works turn to religious and historical themes to explore the true harmony of body and mind and the end of life. "Professor's House" is one of the representative works of Cather's transition period. From the aesthetic point of view, the novel shows the protagonist Professor St. Peter's hopeless exploration and pursuit of the complete self in the materialistic society. By outlining the natural beauty of the Blue Fangshan Mountains and the aesthetic patterns of the poetic dwelling of the ancient Indians in nature, Cather expressed her desire to return to nature and the soul and to rebuild the spiritual homeland. This paper puts this work in the theoretical framework of ecological criticism, mainly uses the related theories of natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology, and probes into the ecological philosophy contained in the works and the ecological wisdom of Cather. Ecological criticism emerges as the times require under the background of increasingly serious environmental problems and has become a prominent school of literature. It aims to re-examine culture through literary criticism, carry out cultural criticism and reflection, deconstruct anthropocentrism and awaken human ecological protection consciousness. Ecological criticism advocates harmonious coexistence between man and nature, society, human body and mind, and realizes the balanced development of material pursuit and spiritual pursuit. Firstly, the paper briefly introduces Cather and his main works, the present situation of Cather's research, especially the domestic and foreign research literature of Professor's House, the purpose and structure of the thesis. Then it introduces the theoretical basis of the thesis: an overview of ecological criticism, including the definition, origin and development of ecological criticism, theoretical sources and connotations, and the research methods adopted. This for the following from the natural ecology, social ecology, spiritual ecology three aspects of the detailed interpretation of the foreshadowing. The third chapter discusses the professor's pursuit of harmonious natural ecology from the perspective of natural ecological criticism. The first part presents the natural living environment which makes Professor Saint Peter suffocate, and interprets the natural ecological connotation of Professor Peter's dilapidated rental house and the Marcelus house of Oran. The second part presents Tom's Eden life in Blue Square Mountain Cliff City, explains the ecological implication of natural images such as lake house, Grand Canyon and Stone City, and analyzes the ecological wisdom of Tom and nature. The third part interprets the professor's desire for "poetic dwelling"; this chapter attempts to summarize the intrinsic value and aesthetic value of nature, implying that human beings should live in harmony with nature. Chapter four, from the angle of social ecological criticism, exposes and criticizes the phenomena of government bureaucracy, corruption and administration of universities, and presents the alienation and disharmony of interpersonal relationship caused by the values of money worship, such as the marriage of professor and wife, which exists in name only. Daughter Catherine and Rose between the indifferent sisterhood, professor and colleagues between the social discord. Through the professor, Cather expresses her negation and criticism of the materialistic society, human civilization and war. In the fifth chapter, the status crisis of professor, the crisis of religious belief and the psychological crisis of middle age are expounded in detail from the angle of spiritual ecological criticism, and the importance of spiritual ecology, the harmony of human body and mind, is pointed out. Finally, the paper points out that Cather is a great ecological writer. Her works show advanced ecological wisdom, highlight the importance and necessity of harmony between man and nature, and point out a way out for resolving the environmental crisis. That is the harmony between man and the outside world-man and man, man and nature, and man's own world-body and heart.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
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