一种新型的股骨头坏死动物模型

发布时间：2018-05-16 21:41

本文选题：股骨头缺血性坏死 + 动物模型　；参考：《安徽医科大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究背景：股骨头缺血性坏死的治疗是骨科临床难题之一，目前尚未发现一种可终止或者逆转已发生股骨头坏死病理过程，从而阻止股骨头进一步塌陷的有效方法。虽然我们已知在股骨头坏死区的修复与重建过程中，坏死骨的吸收导致股骨头强度的下降是塌陷的主要原因，减少或终止坏死骨的吸收可延迟或避免坏死股骨头塌陷的发生。但我们对其发病机理和何种方法能有效治疗股骨头缺血性坏死尚不十分清楚，原因之一可归咎于缺乏一个能真正能反映股骨头坏死的病理过程的动物模型。目的：为股骨头坏死的治疗研究建立一种新型的动物模型。方法：出生后4周的幼兔通过适应性训练和特定的悬吊，模拟人类直立行走，两条后腿负重行走。饲养至成年后用液氮将一侧股骨头冷冻，术后2周继续悬吊，定期拍X线片和取股骨头行组织切片了解股骨头坏死的情况。结果：术后3天切片见股骨头完全坏死，造模侧3天后标本显示软骨细胞、骨细胞及骨髓坏死，，空骨陷窝增加，空骨陷窝率最低71％，最高93％。骨小梁结构完整。3周后标本出现软骨、骨髓和骨修复现象，骨修复表现两种方式，一种是骨小梁周围出现同位附加骨，一种是骨髓腔以膜内化骨或软骨化骨形式出现骨小梁。术后3周X线片示骨密度增高。5周后修复作用增强，部分坏死骨小梁开始吸收，出现较多破骨细胞，骨小梁不规则，出现骨折，关节软骨面磨损加重，少数标本关节软骨面塌陷。7周时关节软骨面磨损与修复并存，骨髓纤维化和增生互见，髓腔膜内化骨和骨小梁同位附加骨增多，骨小梁紊乱变细，骨吸收和骨折加重。术后7周X线片出现典型的新月征和股骨头坏死塌陷的表现。结论：液氮冷冻“直立行走兔”短期内复制出了与人股骨头坏死一致的动物模型，为股骨头坏死的治疗研究提供了新型的动物模型。
[Abstract]:Background: the treatment of avascular necrosis of femoral head is one of the clinical problems in orthopedic department. At present, there is no effective method to stop or reverse the pathological process of femoral head necrosis and prevent the further collapse of femoral head. Although it is known that the reduction of the strength of the femoral head due to the absorption of the necrotic bone is the main cause of the collapse during the repair and reconstruction of the necrotic area of the femoral head, the reduction or termination of the absorption of the necrotic bone can delay or avoid the collapse of the necrotic femoral head. However, the pathogenesis and the effective treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head are not well understood. One of the reasons can be attributed to the lack of an animal model which can truly reflect the pathological process of femoral head necrosis. Objective: to establish a new animal model for the treatment of femoral head necrosis. Methods: four weeks after birth, the rabbits were simulated to walk upright and with two hind legs by adaptive training and specific suspension. After feeding to adulthood, one femoral head was frozen with liquid nitrogen and suspended 2 weeks after operation. X-ray films were taken regularly and the femoral head tissue sections were taken to find out the condition of femoral head necrosis. Results: the femoral head was completely necrosed 3 days after operation. After 3 days of modeling, the specimens showed the necrosis of chondrocytes, bone cells and bone marrow, the increase of empty bone lacunae, the lowest rate of 71% of empty bone lacunae, and the highest 933%. The bone trabeculae showed cartilage, bone marrow and bone repair phenomenon after 3 weeks of bone trabecular structure integrity. There were two ways of bone repair, one was that the bone trabeculae around the bone trabeculae appeared at the same position, the other was the bone trabeculae appeared in the form of membranous internalized bone or chondrogenic bone in the medullary cavity. At 3 weeks after operation, the bone density was increased and the repair effect was enhanced, some necrotic trabeculae began to absorb, more osteoclasts appeared, bone trabeculae were irregular, fracture appeared, and articular cartilage wear was aggravated. In a few specimens, the articular cartilage surface was worn and repaired at week 7, bone marrow fibrosis and proliferation were observed, the number of bone and trabeculae were increased, the bone trabecular disorder became thinner, bone resorption and fracture aggravated. Typical crescent sign and avascular necrosis of femoral head appeared on X-ray film 7 weeks after operation. Conclusion: liquid nitrogen cryopreservation "upright walking rabbit" made the animal model consistent with human femoral head necrosis in a short period of time, and provided a new animal model for the treatment of femoral head necrosis.
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R-332

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