粉螨生境的研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 23:55

本文选题：粉螨群落 + 组成　；参考：《安徽理工大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的研究不同环境中粉螨孳生的种类和群落多样性,并调查不同职业环境中哮喘患者对尘螨变应原的过敏情况。方法用直接镜检法和电热集螨法对采集样本进行粉螨分离、鉴定和计数,并通过Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数,计算其物种丰富度、物种多样性和物种均匀度。通过询问病史、螨特异性IgE检测调查不同职业人群中哮喘患者对尘螨变应原的过敏情况。结果在2160份样本中,共有42种样本,913份样本中分离出粉螨。其中人居环境中有236份样本检出粉螨,检出率为32.8%,所检出的14种粉螨隶属于5科13属;工作环境中有288份样本检出有粉螨,检出率为40%,所检出的11种粉螨隶属于4科9属;仓储环境中有389份样本检出粉螨,检出率为54%,所检出的26种粉螨隶属于7科19属。从3类环境90个采样点的2160份样本中共检获粉螨26种,隶属于7科19属。3类环境的粉螨平均孳生密度在15.35±6.13～31.27±8.34之间,物种数在11～26之间,物种丰富度指数(Rmargalef)在1.987～4.351之间,多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数)为2.270～3.133,均匀度指数(Pielou指数)为0.947～0.962。其中以仓储环境的平均孳生密度(31.27±8.34a)、物种数(26)、丰富度指数(4.351)、多样性指数(3.133:)和均匀度指数(0.962)为最高。一年之中仓储环境的物种丰富度指数Rmargalef在0.252～2.541之间,Shannon-Wiener指数(H')为1.058～3.141,Pielou指数(J)为0.924～0.982,粉螨的孳生密度、物种数、丰富度指数及多样性指数在时序上的分布较为一致,而物种均匀度则较不规则。对127人皮肤点刺试验(SPT)及血清特异性IgE(sIgE)检测,其中工作中密切接触中药材的哮喘患者的SPT和sIgE阳性率最高,分别达60%和51.1%。结论粉螨孳生场所广泛,以5～8月份孳生密度最高,不同环境中粉螨的孳生密度及多样性差异较大,可能与不同环境中的温湿度差异及不同的人为干扰程度有关。粉螨自身的食性也在一定程度上影响着不同环境中粉螨群落的构成。不同职业中哮喘患者对尘螨的过敏情况似与职业环境相关,应加强对特定职业人群的劳动保护。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the species and community diversity of acaroid mites in different environments and to investigate the allergen allergy of asthmatic patients to dust mite allergens in different occupational environments. Methods the samples were isolated, identified and counted by direct microscopic examination and electrothermal mite collection. The species richness, species diversity and species evenness were calculated by Margalef index Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index. Mite specific IgE (IgE) was used to investigate the allergen allergy of asthma patients to dust mite allergens in different occupational groups. Results A total of 42 species of mites were isolated from 2160 samples. Among them, 236 samples were detected in human settlements, the detection rate was 32.8.The 14 species of acaroid mites were found in 5 families, 13 genera, 288 samples were found in the working environment, the detection rate was 40000, 11 species of acaroid mites were found in 4 families and 9 genera. In the storage environment, 389 samples of acaroid mites were detected, the detection rate was 54. The 26 species of acaroid mites were found to belong to 7 families and 19 genera. A total of 26 species of acaroid mites were seized from 2160 samples from 90 sampling sites in 3 kinds of environments. The average breeding density of acaroid mites belonging to 19 genera of 7 families ranged from 15.35 卤6.13 to 31.27 卤8.34, the number of species ranged from 11 to 26, and the species richness index (Rmargalef) was between 1.9874.351 and 1.9874.351, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener index (Shannon-Wiener index) is 2.270 / 3.133, and the Pielou index (Pielou index) is 0.947 / 0.962. The average breeding density (31.27 卤8.34a), species number (26), richness index (4.351), diversity index (3.133:) and evenness index (0.962) were the highest. In one year, the species richness index (Rmargalef) of storage environment was between 0.252 and 2.541. The Shannon-Wiener index (H') was 1.058 ~ 3.141 and Pielou index (J) was 0.924 ~ 0.982.The distribution of breeding density, species number, richness index and diversity index of acaroid mites were consistent in time series. The species evenness was irregular. The skin prick test (SPT) and serum specific IgE (SiIgE) were detected in 127 patients. The positive rates of SPT and Siga were 60% and 51.1% in asthmatic patients who were in close contact with Chinese herbal medicine. Conclusion the breeding site of acaroid mites is widespread, the highest breeding density is in May and August, and the difference of breeding density and diversity of acaroid mites in different environments may be related to the difference of temperature and humidity in different environments and the degree of human interference. The composition of acaroid mites community in different environments was also affected to some extent by their own feeding habits. The allergies of asthma patients to dust mites in different occupations seem to be related to the occupational environment, and the labor protection of specific occupational groups should be strengthened.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R384.4

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