山羊鼻腔与人类鼻腔对比解剖以及山羊鼻腔支架植入研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 23:03

本文选题：山羊 + 解剖　；参考：《郑州大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：[目的]:受到心血管、气管和食道支架的启发,为了最终将金属支架应用于鼻腔疾病的临床治疗中,并拓展实验动物的种类范围更好选择鼻腔相关实验动物模型。将山羊的鼻腔与人的鼻腔作解剖对比,以便将山羊作为鼻腔相关论题的实验动物。为了将鼻腔支架应用于临床,证明鼻腔支架的无害性,了解鼻腔支架放置后的组织学改变。在山羊鼻腔内植入金属网状支架增加鼻腔有效通气量,摸索金属鼻腔支架的物理形状、放置方法以及组织学依据等。[方法]:首先取100只离体山羊头,测量单侧鼻腔容积后,正中矢状剖开,对剖面可见的解剖结构进行测量和观察。然后随机选30只不同龄段活体山羊,左侧鼻腔植入支架,观察时间不等。取出支架后对其左右鼻腔粘膜进行对比分析。[结果]:羊的单侧鼻腔容积约为40-50ml。长14.19cm(14.07-14.31)前宽2.83cm(2.78-2.87)后宽5.72cm(5.62-5.83),中下鼻甲融合,长度约为2.63cm(2.59-2.67)。对于30只山羊,支架仅在植入初期造成1-2天的鼻腔异物感,有3例出现鼻腔感染。30只山羊喂养和生长正常。适宜的支架放置时间为4周左右,放置期间以及取出支架后,试验侧鼻腔通气均优于对照侧,鼻粘膜出现槽型凹迹,并出现相应组织学变化。[结论]:将山羊作为耳鼻喉科相关试验的对象,目前未见报道。利用钢丝支架治疗鼻腔疾病也没有先例。虽然羊的鼻窦与人类鼻窦相比有较大的变异,但是山羊的鼻腔有较好的实验基础,其粘膜组织与人类鼻腔粘膜相仿。山羊与人类相比,有足够的鼻腔体积和许多相似的鼻腔结构,经过适当的动物模型设计,就可以用于嗅觉、过敏性鼻炎等多项研究。在山羊鼻腔中,植入鼻腔支架没有严重的不良反应,可以明显改善鼻腔的通气,组织学变化可以从理论上证实鼻腔支架的作用。为鼻腔支架的临床应用奠定了实验基础。支架放置的最佳放置时间为30天,制作支架的钢丝直径以0.3mm为宜。鼻腔支架费用很少,没有严重不良反应。
[Abstract]:Objective: inspired by cardiovascular, tracheal and esophageal stents, in order to apply metal stents to the clinical treatment of nasal diseases, and to expand the range of experimental animals, better choice of nasal cavity related animal models. The nasal cavity of goat and the nasal cavity of human were dissected and compared in order to use goat as the experimental animal of nasal cavity related topic. In order to prove the innocuity of nasal stents, the histological changes of nasal stents were studied. The metal mesh stent was implanted into the nasal cavity of goats to increase the effective ventilation volume of nasal cavity, and to explore the physical shape, placement method and histological basis of the metal nasal stent. Methods: first, 100 isolated goat heads were taken. After measuring the volume of unilateral nasal cavity, the median sagittal section was opened, and the anatomical structure visible in the section was measured and observed. Then 30 live goats of different ages were randomly selected and the left nasal stents were implanted for different time. The nasal mucosa of the left and right nasal cavity was compared and analyzed after the stent was removed. Results: the volume of unilateral nasal cavity of sheep was about 40-50 ml. Long 14.19cm (14.07-14.31) anterior width 2.83cm (2.78-2.87), posterior width 5.72cm (5.62-5.83), middle inferior turbinate fusion, length is about 2.63cm (2.59-2.67). For 30 goats, the stents only caused nasal foreign body sensation for 1-2 days at the early stage of implantation, and there were 3 cases of nasal infection. 30 goats were fed and grew normally. The suitable stent placement time was about 4 weeks. During the placement and after removal of the stent, nasal cavity ventilation of the experimental side was superior to that of the control side. Conclusion: there is no report on goats as the subjects of otolaryngology. There is also no precedent for the use of steel wire scaffolds in the treatment of nasal diseases. Although the nasal sinuses of sheep have greater variation than that of human sinuses, the nasal cavity of goats has a good experimental basis, and its mucosal tissue is similar to that of human nasal sinuses. Compared with humans, goats have enough nasal cavity volume and many similar nasal structures, which can be used in many studies such as olfaction, allergic rhinitis and so on. In goat nasal cavity, there is no serious adverse reaction in nasal stents implantation, which can obviously improve the ventilation of nasal cavity. Histological changes can theoretically prove the role of nasal stents. It lays an experimental foundation for the clinical application of nasal stents. The optimum placement time is 30 days, and 0.3mm is the appropriate wire diameter. The cost of nasal stents was low and there was no serious adverse reaction.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R765;R322

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