大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞体外诱导分化为神经前体细胞的研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 04:22

本文选题：骨髓间充质干细胞 + 神经前体细胞　；参考：《中国医科大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的近年来,干细胞的实验研究已经取得了令人瞩目的成果,其中神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)的研究则是国际神经科学领域关注的焦点之一。神经干细胞,即神经前体细胞,是指在一定条件下可分化为神经元、星型胶质细胞以及少突胶质细胞等的原始多能干细胞。作为组织工程学上的“种子细胞”或基因工程学上的“载体”细胞,在临床上有着广泛的医疗用途。传统医学无法治愈的许多疾病,如中枢神经系统退行性疾病(Parkinson病、脱髓鞘病变等)及中枢神经系统创伤(脑损伤、脊髓损伤),均有希望通过神经干细胞移植或调控手段来解决。目前已有研究发现神经干细胞在移植到脊髓损伤区域后可分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞等,桥接脊髓断端并且重建神经传导通路,改善了损伤平面以下的运动及感觉功能。但是,同种异体来源的胚胎神经干细胞在临床应用上由于取材及伦理、法律等多方面存在一定的局限性。另外,异体神经干细胞移植明显的存在着“时效性”问题,脑“免疫特区理论”也表明即使微弱的免疫排斥反应也影响其在体内的长期存活。而自体神经干细胞的应用,虽然在理论上解决这一问题,但来源部位有限,取材有一定的困难,临床应用大大受到制约,为解决实验及临床应用中干细胞数量来源的不足的问题,许多科学家致力于研究大量获取自体神经干细胞的方法。骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)分离、培养的成功,以及多潜能性的发现和向神经干细胞方向定向分化的初步成功,为神经干细胞的来源提供一个新的途径,使得“自体骨髓源性神经干细胞”的研究及应用成为可能。基于此,本实验从成年大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离、纯化及扩增方案的实验参数优化以及向神经前体细胞方向分化的可行性等方面出发并进行初步探索,为骨髓间充质干细胞的临床应用提供实验依据。
[Abstract]:Objective in recent years, the experimental research of stem cells has achieved remarkable results. The research of neural stem cells (neural stem) is one of the focuses in the field of neuroscience. Neural stem cells (NSCs), or neural precursor cells (NPCs), are pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes under certain conditions. As seed cells in tissue engineering or carrier cells in gene engineering, they have a wide range of clinical applications. Many diseases that cannot be cured by traditional medicine, such as Parkinson's disease (Parkinson's disease, demyelinating disease, etc.) and central nervous system trauma (brain injury, spinal cord injury), are likely to be solved by neural stem cell transplantation or regulation. At present, it has been found that neural stem cells can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes after transplantation to the injured area of the spinal cord, bridging the broken end of the spinal cord and reconstructing the nerve conduction pathway. Improved motion and sensory function below the injury plane. However, the clinical application of embryonic neural stem cells derived from allogeneic stem cells has some limitations in many aspects, such as material collection, ethics, law and so on. In addition, allogeneic neural stem cell transplantation has obvious "timeliness" problem, brain "immune zone theory" also shows that even a weak immune rejection also affects its long-term survival in vivo. Although the application of autologous neural stem cells can solve this problem in theory, its source is limited, it is difficult to obtain materials, and its clinical application is greatly restricted. In order to solve the problem of the shortage of stem cells in experimental and clinical applications, many scientists have been studying the method of obtaining autologous neural stem cells in large quantities. The successful isolation and culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells), the discovery of multipotential and the initial success of directional differentiation to neural stem cells provide a new way for the source of neural stem cells. This makes the research and application of autologous bone marrow derived neural stem cells possible. Based on these results, this study was based on the isolation of adult rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), the optimization of experimental parameters for purification and amplification, and the feasibility of differentiation into neural progenitor cells (NPCs). To provide experimental basis for clinical application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
【学位授予单位】：中国医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R329

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