大肠杆菌O157：H7的RAPD与AFLP基因分型研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 19:43

【摘要】：新病原性微生物和重新抬头的病原微生物是当前医学界面临的一个新的课题,对人类健康构成了重大威胁。肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)就是其中之一。肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)属于埃希菌属大肠埃希菌种,能引起人出血性肠炎(HC),严重者可致出血性尿毒综合征(HUS)。在已经确定的EHEC的诸多血清型中,O157:H7和O157:H-是最重要的致病血清型。运用分子流行病学技术对不同地理区域,不同时间和不同来源的病原体鉴定和分型,这对识别传染病爆发,确定传染来源,识别特殊毒株和对监测程序有重要意义。有关O157:H7感染的传播模式,致病多样性的机制以及地区分布差异问题等至今尚未完全阐明。造成此领域知识缺乏的主要原因是缺乏通用,准确,有效的分型方法。因此,急需建立一套这样的O157:H7的分型方法,才有利于进一步探讨O157:H7的分布规律,流行特征等。2000年在河南省某县发生该省首次大肠杆菌O157:H7感染性腹泻疫情。从3月17日到7月6日,共发生病人35例,合并急性肾功能衰竭32例,死亡28例,肾衰病死率87.5%。有关疾病预防控制部门对此次疫情进行了调查,发现疫区家禽家畜广泛携带O157:H7大肠杆菌,并高度怀疑家禽家畜是此次疫情的主要传染源。因此本研究应用RAPD和AFLP技术,对从疫区分离的32株大肠杆菌O157:H7进行基因分型,建立了RAPD和AFLP指纹图谱,并结合统计学软件进行聚类分析,分别分为14和16种基因型别,确定了
[Abstract]:The new pathogenic microorganism and the newly rising pathogenic microorganism are a new subject in the field of medicine, which poses a great threat to human health. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is one of them. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) belongs to Escherichia coli which can cause hemorrhagic enteritis (HC) and haemorrhagic uremic syndrome (HUS) in severe cases. O157: H7 and O157: H- are the most important serotypes of EHEC. Molecular epidemiology is used to identify and type pathogens from different geographical regions, different time and different sources, which is of great significance to identify the outbreak of infectious diseases, to identify the source of infection, to identify special strains and to monitor the disease. The modes of transmission of O157: H7 infection, the mechanism of pathogenicity and the differences in regional distribution have not been fully elucidated up to now. The main reason for the lack of knowledge in this field is the lack of general, accurate and effective classification methods. Therefore, it is urgent to establish such a method for the typing of O157: H7, which is helpful to further study the distribution law and epidemic characteristics of O157: H7. The first infectious diarrhea of E. coli O157: H7 occurred in a county of Henan Province in 2000. From March 17 to July 6, there were 35 patients with acute renal failure (ARF), including 32 patients with acute renal failure (ARF), 28 patients died, and the mortality rate of CRF was 87.5. The disease prevention and control department investigated the outbreak and found that poultry and livestock in the epidemic area widely carried Escherichia coli O157: H7, and highly suspected that poultry and livestock were the main source of infection of the epidemic. Therefore, RAPD and AFLP techniques were used to genotype 32 strains of Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolated from epidemic areas, and RAPD and AFLP fingerprints were established. The genotypes were classified into 14 genotypes and 16 genotypes with statistical software.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R378

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