粉螨种群动态研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 16:51

【摘要】： 目的研究安徽省淮南地区粉螨的种群动态情况,分析安徽和黑龙江两省粉螨种群空间动态的异同情况。方法用直接镜检法和电热集螨法对所采集的样本进行粉螨分离、鉴定和计数,并通过调查全年的粉螨种群在不同温度、湿度等环境因子下的动态变化情况;通过Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数,计算其物种丰富度、物种多样性和物种均匀度;通过模糊聚类方法对种群进行动态分析,揭示出种群动态的一般规律,以确定最佳的防制时期。结果在1920份样本中,共有40种样本,1460份样本中分离出粉螨。其中粮食中有356份样本检出粉螨,检出率为75.38%,所检出的23种粉螨隶属于5科17属;中药材中有1104份样本检出粉螨,检出率为76.67%,所检出的28种粉螨隶属于7科20属。储藏粮食及中药中的粉螨平均孳生密度分别为8.5125、14.6924之间,物种数分别为23、28,物种丰富度指数(R_(margalef))为2.4422、2.5345之间,多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数)为2.9215、3.0787,均匀度指数(Pielou指数)为0.9317、0.9239。一年之中粮食的物种丰富度指数R_(margalef)在0.4343～2.7905之间,Shannon-Wiener指数(H')为0.6109～2.8234,Pielou指数(J)为0.8661～1.0354,粉螨的孳生密度、物种数、丰富度指数及多样性指数在时序上的分布较为一致,而物种均匀度则较不规则。用模糊聚类分析法将粉螨全年动态分为几个状态集,以此为依据确定最佳防制时期。安徽与黑龙江两省七月份粉螨孳生情况对比,安徽省全部有粉螨孳生,螨分出率达100%,黑龙江省27种中药材中分离出螨,分出率达90%,其中分离出两种以上粉螨的中药材在安徽省为24种,占80%,黑龙江省为7种,占23.3%。两省在同种药材中检出同种粉螨的共21种,占70%。结论粉螨孳生场所广泛,以5～8月份孳生密度最高,不同时间不同地区中粉螨的孳生情况差异较大,可能与不同环境中的温湿度差异及不同的人为干扰程度有关。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the population dynamics of acaroid mites in Huainan, Anhui Province, and to analyze the spatial dynamics of acaroid mites in Anhui and Heilongjiang provinces. Methods the samples were isolated, identified and counted by direct microscopic examination and electrothermal mite collection method, and the dynamic changes of acaroid mites population under different environmental factors such as temperature and humidity were investigated. The species richness, species diversity and species evenness were calculated by Margalef index Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index, and the general laws of population dynamics were revealed by fuzzy clustering method, in order to determine the best control period. Results A total of 40 species of mites were isolated from 1920 samples. Among them, there were 356 samples of acaroid mites, the detection rate was 75.38, 23 species of acaroid mites belonged to 5 families and 17 genera, and 1104 samples of Chinese medicinal materials were detected, the detection rate was 76.6777. 28 species of acaroid mites were found in 7 families and 20 genera. The average breeding density of acaroid mites in stored grain and traditional Chinese medicine were 8.5125 ~ 14.6924, respectively. The species number, species richness index (R _ (margalef), diversity index (Shannon-Wiener index) and evenness index (Pielou index) were 230.28, 2.4422, 2.5345, 2.921515, 3.0787 and 0.93170.9239, respectively. In one year, the species richness index (R _ (margalef) of grain ranged from 0.4343 to 2.7905, and the Shannon-Wiener index (H') was 0.6109 and 2.8234. The (J) of Pielou index was 0.8661-1.0354.The distribution of breeding density, species number, richness index and diversity index of acaroid mites was consistent in time series. The species evenness was irregular. The annual dynamics of acaroid mites were divided into several state sets by fuzzy cluster analysis, and the best control period was determined. In Anhui and Heilongjiang provinces in July, the breeding situation of acaroid mites was compared. All the mites were bred in Anhui Province, and the mites were separated from 27 Chinese medicinal materials in Heilongjiang Province. Among them, there are 24 species in Anhui Province, accounting for 80 species, 7 species in Heilongjiang Province, accounting for 23. 3%. A total of 21 species of mites of the same species were detected in the two provinces, accounting for 70% of the total. Conclusion the breeding site of acaroid mites is widespread, the highest breeding density is in May and August, and the breeding situation of acaroid mites in different areas at different times is quite different, which may be related to the difference of temperature and humidity in different environments and the degree of human interference.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R384.4

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