日本血吸虫辐照尾蚴免疫小鼠早期免疫应答特征及其相关分子机制的研究

发布时间：2019-03-21 13:32

【摘要】：血吸虫病是一种严重危害人类健康的人兽共患寄生虫病。我国为日本血吸虫病流行区。根据2003年全国调查资料,我国共有现症患者80余万,受威胁人口达1亿。近年来,血吸虫病大有卷土重来之势,引起政府的高度重视,确定为重点防治的感染性疾病之一。目前血吸虫病的防治工作主要采取以大规模人群化疗为主,结合健康教育宣传及有限的易感区灭螺等综合性防治措施。这些措施虽然有效,但难以巩固,极易受到自然环境和防治投入力度变化的挑战。日本血吸虫病的防治除了中间宿主钉螺控制困难及动物保虫宿主多以外,最棘手的问题就是再感染率高。鉴于疫苗的出现和使用在世界范围内为人类预防和消灭许多传染性疾病起到了非常重要的作用,因此,发展血吸虫病疫苗,达到化疗“短效”作用及疫苗接种后产生的“长效”免疫预防作用相结合来控制血吸虫病的目标,成为上个世纪80年代以来全世界科学家们的共识。有关血吸虫病疫苗发展及相关免疫学基础研究,多集中在曼氏血吸虫病,这是由于曼氏血吸虫生活史易在实验室内复制和维持,且曼氏血吸虫病流行范围更广(亚洲、非洲、南美洲)。日本血吸虫病的研究则起步较晚,多是在借鉴曼氏血吸虫病的研究经验基础上开展。由于日本血吸虫在童虫滞留皮肤时间、体内移行速度以及发育至成虫并产卵时间等环节上与曼氏血吸虫有很大的不同,因此,我们要继续加强对日本血吸虫病的基础性研究工作,争取早日研制出针对日本血吸虫病的有效疫苗。血吸虫病疫苗的发展方向有抗感染、抗生殖和抗病理疫苗之分,其中以有效降低虫荷的抗感染疫苗更受重视。长期以来,在血吸虫病疫苗发展研究中,主导的策略思想是试图模拟宿主自然感染后产生的免疫保护机理设计疫苗。在上个世纪60～80年代期间,主要是依据“伴随免疫”现象,试图发现体内存有的成虫是如何诱导针对再次感染入侵童虫的免疫力的,以构建可复制这一诱导机制的疫苗。90年代初,
[Abstract]:Schistosomiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease which seriously endangers human health. China is a endemic area of schistosomiasis japonica. According to the national survey data in 2003, there are more than 800,000 patients in our country, and the threatened population is 100 million. In recent years, schistosomiasis has reappeared, which has attracted great attention from the government and has been identified as one of the infectious diseases that focus on the prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis. At present, the prevention and control of schistosomiasis is mainly based on large-scale population chemotherapy, combined with health education propaganda and limited snail control in susceptible areas. These measures are effective, but difficult to consolidate, and are vulnerable to changes in the natural environment and investment in prevention and control. In addition to the difficulty of controlling snail in intermediate host and the number of host in animal schistosomiasis control, the most difficult problem is the high reinfection rate. In view of the very important role played by the emergence and use of vaccines worldwide in the prevention and eradication of many infectious diseases, the development of schistosomiasis vaccines, It has become the consensus of scientists all over the world to achieve the goal of "short-effect" chemotherapy and "long-acting" immunoprophylaxis after vaccination to control schistosomiasis. Basic research on schistosomiasis vaccine development and related immunology is concentrated on schistosomiasis mansoni, because the life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni is easily replicated and maintained in the laboratory, and the prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni is wider (Asia, Africa, (South America) The research of Schistosomiasis japonicum started late, mostly based on the experience of Schistosomiasis mansoni. Because Schistosoma japonicum is different from Schistosoma mansoni in terms of the time of staying in the skin, the speed of migration in the body, and the time of development to adults and spawning, so it is different from schistosoma mansoni. We should continue to strengthen the basic research work on schistosomiasis japonica, and strive to develop an effective vaccine against schistosomiasis japonicum at an early date. The development direction of schistosomiasis vaccine is anti-infection, anti-reproduction and anti-pathology vaccine, in which the anti-infection vaccine which can effectively reduce the parasite load is paid more attention. For a long time, in the research of schistosomiasis vaccine development, the dominant strategy is to try to simulate the immune protection mechanism produced by the natural infection of the host to design the vaccine. During the 1960s and 1980s, it was mainly based on the phenomenon of "adjoint immunity" to try to find out how the adult adults in the body induced immunity against the re-infection of the invading larva. To build a vaccine that replicates this induction mechanism. In the early 1990s,
【学位授予单位】：南京医科大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R392

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