滇南家鼠鼠疫疫原地鼠、蚤多样性空间分布格局的研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 22:37

本文关键词： 小型兽类及蚤类多样性空间分布格局景观家鼠鼠疫疫源地　出处：《大理学院》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的本研究旨在了解家鼠鼠疫源地滇南山地小区的鼠、蚤群落结构、多样性及其空间分布格局，探讨家鼠疫源地宿主动物和媒介在不同景观、生态系统和群落频次分布的特征和规律，揭示空间分布格局与鼠疫流行的关系。方法以家鼠疫源地滇南山地小区西双版纳、临沧和普洱三州市为调查和研究的空间范围，不同景观生态系统分布的小型兽类及其寄生蚤为研究对象，定期开展生物学调查，，将所获数据经统计学处理后，对鼠、蚤类多样性及空间分布格局、特征及与地理环境因素关系等问题进行分析和探讨。结果（1）共捕获小型兽类719只，隶属于3目6科12属20种（亚种）。其中，黄胸鼠（占40.61%）和斑胸鼠（占15.16%）为优势种；共收集蚤类229匹，隶属于6科10属14种（亚种），印鼠客蚤（占57.21%）和泸水栉眼蚤（占17.03%）为优势种。（2）小型兽类及蚤类在不同景观中存在差异，物种丰富度呈林区居多、农耕区次之、居民区最少的分布格局，农耕区捕获的黄胸鼠高于林区和居民区，差异具有统计学意义（P0.05）；居民区印鼠客蚤与林区和农耕区相比，差异具有统计学意义（P0.05）。（3）小型兽类的物种丰富度及物种多样性随海拔升高的总趋势呈先升高后降低的单峰分布格局，其峰值均在海拔1000～1500m之间；寄生蚤随海拔梯度的增加与小型兽类保持一致，1000～1500m为小兽及其寄生蚤生存的较适环境。（4）小型兽类密度和数量构成比呈正相关关系；寄生蚤Shannon-Wiener指数与丰富度、均匀度及生态优势度均呈明显相关关系。结论不同景观生态环境的小型兽类和寄生蚤类明显不同，小型兽类及蚤类的物种丰富度和多样性随海拔梯度的变化而变化，1000～1500m是鼠、寄生蚤生存的较适环境。景观因子、海拔梯度对滇南家鼠鼠疫疫源地鼠、蚤类多样性的影响显著，小型兽类及其寄生蚤的不同空间分布格局决定了滇南家鼠鼠疫的流行和分布趋势。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to understand the rodent plague foci in southern mountainous areas of the rat flea community structure, diversity and spatial distribution pattern of musculus foci of host animal and media in different landscape ecosystem and the frequency distribution of community characteristics and laws, reveals the spatial distribution pattern and the plague epidemic. Methods the mice in to Yunnan hilly area of Xishuangbanna, Lincang and three cities for the space scope of Pu'er investigation and research, the distribution of small mammals in different landscape ecosystem and its parasitic fleas as the research object, to carry out biological regulating regular check, the obtained data by statistical processing, the rat flea diversity and spatial distribution pattern analysis and to explore the characteristics and geographical environment factors and other issues. Results (1) a total of 719 small mammals were captured, belonging to 3 orders, 6 families, 12 genera and 20 species (subspecies). The Yellow breasted rat (40.61%) and Spot breasted rats (15.16%) were the dominant species of fleas were collected; 229 horses, belonging to 6 families, 10 genera and 14 species (subspecies), x.cheopis (57.21%) and Lushui Ctenophthalmus nobilis (17.03%) were the dominant species. (2) the differences of small mammals and fleas in different landscape in the forest, the species richness was mostly farming area. The distribution pattern of residential areas at least, farming areas captured above forest areas and residential areas were identified, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05); compared with the residential area of xenopsyllacheopis and forest and farming area, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05) (3) total. The trend of small mammal species richness and species diversity with increasing elevation was unimodal distribution increased first and then decreased, the peak is in elevation between 1000 ~ 1500m; with the increase of the altitude of fleas and small mammals remain the same, 1000 ~ 1500m with suitable environment of small mammals and parasitic fleas (4 survival. Small) Type of mammal density and quantity were positivelycorrelated relationship; parasitic fleas Shannon-Wiener index and species richness, evenness and ecological dominance was significantly correlated. Small mammals and parasitic fleas in different ecological environment landscape conclusion is obviously different, the species richness of small mammals and fleas and diversity varies with altitude, 1000 ~ 1500m is in suitable environment for survival. The parasitic fleas landscape factor, altitudinal gradient in southern Yunnan plague foci, flea diversity significantly affect the different spatial distribution patterns of small mammals and parasitic fleas determines the prevalence and distribution trend of Yunnan plague.

【学位授予单位】：大理学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R516.8

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