宜昌区域病毒性甲型肝炎流行病学特征分析

发布时间：2018-02-26 19:19

  本文关键词： 免疫规划 病毒性甲型肝炎 流行趋势 防制效果　出处：《现代预防医学》2017年15期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的分析宜昌市2001-2015年病毒性甲型肝炎发病特征及流行趋势,为本区域甲肝防治提供科学依据。方法收集全市甲肝疫情资料进行三间分布描述,用ELISA法查甲肝抗体阳转率,发病率比较采用卡方检验。结果 2001-2015年宜昌市甲肝发病率总体呈现下降趋势,病例呈现散发,未出现暴发疫情。发病率由2001年9.91/10万降低至2015年2.00/10万,下降了79.82%。累计报告死亡病例5例,年均死亡率为0.01/10万。实施扩大免疫规划前甲肝年均发病率(7.11/10万)高于实施后发病率(2.43/10万)(P0.01)。发病地区为市郊农村,发病高峰年龄后移、人群以农民为主,无发病季节性特征。开展15岁以下儿童甲肝疫苗接种363628人,累计接种率为80.58%。疫苗接种率与发病率间存在负相关(P0.05)。结论宜昌市病毒性甲肝发病模式已由高地方流行向中低地方流行转变,青壮年农民是发病重点人群,调整免疫策略增强针对性干预,有效控制本区域甲肝流行。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the epidemic trend and characteristics of the incidence of viral hepatitis A in 2001-2015 years in Yichang City, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis. Regional data collection methods for the epidemic of hepatitis a distribution of three, check hav seroconversion rate by ELISA method, the incidence rate of chi square test to compare the results of 2001-2015 years. The overall incidence of hepatitis A in Yichang City show a downward trend, showing sporadic cases, not the epidemic outbreak. The incidence rate from 2001 to 2015 to reduce 9.91/10 million 2.00/10 million, down 79.82%. reported a total of 5 cases of deaths, the average annual mortality rate was 0.01/10 million. The implementation of EPI before the average annual incidence rate of hepatitis A (7.11/10 million) higher than the incidence rate after implementation (2.43/10 (million) P0.01). The incidence is rural, the peak age of onset after the shift, the crowd to farmers, no incidence of seasonal characteristics. Development of children under the age of 15 hepatitis A vaccination 363628 The cumulative rate of 80.58%. inoculation, vaccination rate has negative correlation with the incidence rate (P0.05). Conclusion the incidence of hepatitis A virus in Yichang mode has been changed from high to low local epidemic endemic disease, young farmers are the focus groups, targeted intervention to enhance immune adjustment strategy, effective control of the epidemic disease.

【作者单位】： 宜昌市疾病预防控制中心;
【基金】：湖北省自然科学基金课题,乙肝病毒性肝炎家庭中学龄前儿童免疫效应研究(2013CFC128)
【分类号】：R181.3;R512.61
，

本文编号：1539331