蚊媒传染病的遗传控制和共生控制

发布时间：2018-03-18 08:29

本文选题：蚊虫　切入点：媒介传染病　出处：《应用昆虫学报》2015年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：蚊虫是疟疾和登革热等多种疾病的传播媒介,媒介控制是阻断虫媒传染病的重要措施。当前对媒介的控制主要依赖于化学杀虫剂,但蚊虫已对杀虫剂产生了普遍抗性,加上疟原虫等耐药性问题的出现和抗疟疫苗的缺乏,急需发展新的方法和策略用于蚊媒传染病的防控。蚊子中肠是疟原虫等病原体在蚊虫体内发育的最大屏障,是阻断疾病传播的理想靶点。基于转基因蚊的遗传控制和转基因共生菌的共生控制是降低媒介效能和阻断疾病传播的两个有前景的新策略。遗传控制是直接以媒介昆虫作为遗传操作对象,通过表达抗病效应分子来阻断疾病的传播;转基因共生菌防治则是以共生微生物作为遗传改造的对象,在宿主体内表达抗病效应分子以达到阻断疾病传播的目的。本文对这些新防治方法的现状及应用进展进行综述,并讨论遗传控制和共生控制在蚊媒传染病防治的实际应用中所面临的问题。
[Abstract]:Mosquitoes are vectors of malaria and dengue fever, and vector control is an important measure to block insect-borne infectious diseases. At present, vector control mainly depends on chemical insecticides, but mosquitoes have developed universal resistance to insecticides. Coupled with the emergence of drug resistance problems such as malaria parasites and the lack of antimalarial vaccines, there is an urgent need to develop new methods and strategies for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases. The midgut of mosquitoes is the largest barrier for the development of malaria parasites and other pathogens in mosquitoes. Genetic control based on transgenic mosquitoes and symbiotic control of transgenic symbiotic bacteria are two promising strategies to reduce vector efficiency and block disease transmission. Genetic control is a direct vector. Insects as genetic manipulations, Through the expression of disease resistance effector molecules to block the spread of disease; the control of transgenic symbiotic bacteria is based on symbiotic microbes as the genetic transformation object, In order to block the spread of disease, the present situation and application of these new control methods are reviewed. The problems in the application of genetic control and symbiotic control in the prevention and control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases are discussed.
【作者单位】：中国科学院大学;中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所;
【基金】：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB11010500) 国家自然科学基金(31472044) 上海市浦江人才科研计划项目(14PJ1410200)
【分类号】：R51;R183

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