某学校风疹疫情预防控制实例分析

发布时间：2018-04-15 08:03

本文选题：学校 + 风疹　；参考：《重庆医学》2015年15期

【摘要】：目的分析一起学校风疹疫情爆发的原因,探讨预防控制学校风疹疫情的措施。方法调查和收集风疹病例资料,应用描述性流行病学方法进行分析,并对所采取的措施进行评价。结果该起疫情发病209例,罹患率23.51%(209/889),从低年级到高年级发病率呈递减趋势(χ2=5.047,P0.01),男生发病高于女生(χ2=4.378,P=0.036),内宿生发病高于外宿生(χ2=19.909,P0.001);889名学生均无风疹疫苗接种史;采集15例病例血清进行实验室检测,麻疹IgM抗体全部阴性,检出风疹IgM抗体阳性3份,阳性检出率为20%(3/15);该起风疹疫情历时43d,以皮疹为主要症状,无危重病例;通过病例隔离治疗、环境和空气消毒、风疹疫苗应急接种、健康教育等综合防控措施,疫情得到控制。结论存在风疹疫苗免疫空白是学校风疹疫情爆发的主要原因。及时认真落实应急接种风疹疫苗、对传染源隔离治疗、对空气消毒和通风等措施,可以有效控制疫情。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the causes of a school rubella outbreak and explore the measures to prevent and control the school rubella outbreak.Methods the data of rubella cases were investigated and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology, and the measures taken were evaluated.Results the incidence rate of 209 cases of the epidemic was 23.51% / 889%. The incidence rate from the lower grade to the higher grade showed a decreasing trend (蠂 2 / 5.047 / P 0.01). The incidence of male was higher than that of female (蠂 2 4.378U P 0.036), and the incidence of endogenous students was higher than that of the resident students (蠂 219.909 P 0.001) 889 students had no history of rubella vaccination.Serum samples of 15 cases were collected for laboratory examination, all of them were negative for measles IgM antibody, 3 cases were positive for rubella IgM antibody, the positive rate was 20 / 3 / 15%, the outbreak lasted 43 days, the main symptom was rash, and there were no serious cases.The epidemic situation was brought under control through comprehensive prevention and control measures such as case isolation treatment, environmental and air disinfection, rubella vaccine emergency vaccination, health education and other comprehensive prevention and control measures.Conclusion the absence of rubella vaccine is the main cause of rubella outbreak in schools.Measures such as emergency inoculation of rubella vaccine isolation treatment of source of infection disinfection and ventilation of air can effectively control the epidemic situation.
【作者单位】：广西壮族自治区南宁市良庆区疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：R511.2

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