中缅边境按蚊群落及微小按蚊传疟作用

发布时间：2018-04-16 00:10

本文选题：疟疾 + 微小按蚊　；参考：《重庆师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：疟疾是严重危害人类健康的全球蚊媒传染病，按蚊属昆虫是疟原虫病原的传播媒介。世界卫生组织将疟疾列为全球三大公共卫生问题之一。全世界每年有上百万的生命因疟疾死亡，非洲是疟疾最严重的地区。东南亚地区各国的边境是防治疟疾薄弱的地区，生活在这些地区的人们极度贫穷，医疗设施差，疟疾每年都有流行，严重影响人们的生命安全和减缓根除疟疾的进度。为了给该地区的蚊媒控制提供基础依据，并对该地区制定综合的防疟措施和传疟媒介控制提供参考，本研究在中缅边境选取四个自然村，通过灯诱法捕捉按蚊，对采集的按蚊进行了形态学分类，使用复合PCR对微小按蚊进行了蚊种分子鉴定以及寄主检测，使用巢式PCR对微小按蚊疟原虫感染进行了检测，对中缅边境的按蚊群落以及微小按蚊的传疟作用进行了探究。通过研究获得如下主要结果和结论： 1.共采集到4833只按蚊，形态学鉴定到13种按蚊，微小按蚊占据标本的78.83%，其次是多斑按蚊种团和库态按蚊复合体，分别占5.55%和4.03%，其他蚊种共占11.59%。因此微小按蚊是该地区按蚊群落的优势种群。 2.微小按蚊在疟疾流行的雨季数量，远远超过微小按蚊在非疟疾期的旱季数量，在雨季开始的五月，微小按蚊的数量达到了全年的一个高峰期，12月至次年的二月是全年的低峰期。因此，微小按蚊随着季节的变化呈现季节性消长。 3.104只饱血微小按蚊雌蚊用于PCR检测血源和鉴定寄主，通过复合PCR检测，从选取的104只饱血雌蚊中检测出四种阳性动物血，分别是人血、猪血、牛血和狗血，也有兼吸两种血的情况出现。人血是微小按蚊主要吸食的血液类型，，占据82.69%，其他三种吸食的血源分别是牛血（占8.65%）、猪血（占4.81%）、狗血（占3.85%）。因此，该地区的微小按蚊种群对人血有极大的偏好，有极高的人血指数，具有兼吸习性。 4.检测了150组DNA样本，1组样本出现121bp的条带亮斑，确定为间日疟阳性，微小按蚊间日疟感染率为0.07-0.7%。因此，微小按蚊是该中缅边境地区的传疟媒介。综上所述，通过对中缅边境地区按蚊群落构成、微小按蚊季节消长情况和微小按蚊传疟作用的调查分析，揭示了微小按蚊是该地区主要的传疟媒介。
[Abstract]:Malaria is a global mosquito-borne infectious disease that seriously endangers human health. Anopheles is the transmission vector of Plasmodium parasites.The World Health Organization lists malaria as one of the three major public health problems in the world.Malaria kills millions of lives around the world every year, and Africa is the worst place for malaria.The borders of countries in Southeast Asia are weak areas for malaria control. People living in these areas are extremely poor, poor medical facilities, malaria is endemic every year, seriously affecting the lives of people and slowing the progress of malaria eradication.In order to provide the basic basis for mosquito vector control in this area and to provide a reference for the establishment of comprehensive malaria control measures and malaria vector control in this area, four natural villages were selected to capture Anopheles mosquitoes by lamp trapping along the border between China and Myanmar.Morphological classification of Anopheles minimus collected was carried out. Molecular identification and host detection of Anopheles minimus were carried out by using compound PCR. The infection of Anopheles minimus was detected by nested PCR.The Anopheles species and the malaria transmission of Anopheles minimus in the border of China and Myanmar were studied.The main findings and conclusions obtained from the study are as follows:1.A total of 4833 Anopheles were collected, 13 species of Anopheles were identified by morphology, 78.83 species of Anopheles minimus accounted for 78.83%, followed by Anopheles polymaculatus and Anopheles bundles complex, accounting for 5.55% and 4.03%, respectively, and the other species accounted for 11.59%.Therefore, Anopheles minimus is the dominant population of Anopheles minimus community in this area.2.The number of Anopheles minimus endemic in the rainy season is far greater than the number of Anopheles minimus in the dry season during the non-malaria season. In May, when the rainy season began, the population of Anopheles minimus reached a peak throughout the year, with December to February of the following year being the low peak period of the year.Therefore, Anopheles minimus showed seasonal fluctuations with seasonal changes.3.104 female mosquitoes of Anopheles minimus (Anopheles minimus) were used to detect blood source and host by PCR. Four kinds of positive animal blood, human, pig, cattle and dog blood, were detected from 104 female mosquitoes by combined PCR detection.There are also two kinds of blood intake.Human blood is the main blood type of Anopheles minimus, accounting for 82.69. The other three blood sources are bovine blood (8.65%), pig blood (4.81%) and dog blood (3.85%).Therefore, the population of Anopheles minimus in this area has a great preference for human blood, a very high human blood index and a habit of simultaneous absorption.4.In the first group of 150 groups of DNA samples, there were bright spots in 121bp bands, which were confirmed to be vivax malaria positive, and the infection rate of vivax malaria was 0.07-0.7 in the first group of Anopheles minimus (Anopheles minimus).Therefore, Anopheles minimus is the malaria vector in the border area between China and Myanmar.In conclusion, through the investigation and analysis of Anopheles minimus community composition, seasonal growth and decline of Anopheles minimus and the effect of Anopheles minimus on malaria transmission in the Sino-Myanmar border area, it is revealed that Anopheles minimus is the main vector of malaria transmission in this area.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R531.3

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