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滚环扩增快速检测HBV替诺福韦耐药突变位点研究

发布时间:2018-04-26 19:12

  本文选题:HBV + 锁式探针 ; 参考:《第三军医大学》2013年硕士论文


【摘要】:背景: 资料显示全球约3.6亿人为乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)携带者,HBV的持续感染会导致慢性肝炎、肝硬化与肝癌等严重后果。核苷酸类似物(nucleotideanalogs;NAs)抗病毒药物的使用是目前抗HBV治疗的有效方法。但由于HBV聚合酶缺乏校正功能,导致其基因突变频率较高,一旦药物作用的靶基因发生变异,NAs药物即失去对病毒复制的抑制作用,从而产生临床耐药现象。目前,HBV耐药基因检测方法主要包括:直接测序法、实时定量多重PCR法、基因芯片法等。但上述方法存在以下不足:①仪器设备要求高:不仅需要PCR仪,同时还须具备DNA测序仪、基因芯片阅读仪等昂贵仪器,中小医疗机构无法满足。②检测时间长,成本高:检测周期从几小时到数天,耗时长,检测成本高,患者经济负担沉重。③操作复杂:对操作人员素质要求较高,且工作量巨大,难以在中小医疗机构常规开展。因此,建立一种简便、快速、准确、成本低廉的HBV耐药基因检测新技术是HBV防治领域急需解决的一个重要问题。 锁式探针-滚环扩增(Padlock probe-Rolling circle amplification,PLP-RCA)是近年来发展起来的一种新型核酸扩增技术。PLP由两端识别序列和中间连接序列组成。当两端识别序列和靶序列完全互补杂交时,其末端碱基彼此相邻,在DNA连接酶的作用下,连接成环状DNA分子。环化的PLP恰可作为RCA扩增反应的模板,在引物和聚合酶的作用下进行RCA扩增反应。该技术与其它核酸扩增技术相比,具有高特异性、高灵敏度和操作简易性的独特优势。由于PLP只有在两端识别序列与靶序列完全互补时才能启动RCA扩增反应。因此,PLP具备单碱基差异的识别能力,在耐药位点检测领域独具优势。另外,RCA为恒温扩增,不需昂贵的仪器设备,能有效降低检测成本。因此,PLP-RCA技术具备简便、快速、准确检测HBV耐药基因的独特优势。 目的: 基于PLP和RCA扩增技术,以HBV替诺福韦(TDF)耐药基因突变位点为研究对象,建立一种简便、快速、准确、成本低廉的HBV耐药基因突变位点检测新方法。 方法: 1.锁式探针设计:比对近年国内HBV B型流行病毒株基因组序列,筛选适合设计锁式探针的替诺福韦耐药基因突变位点。以其为模板设计HBV野生型PLP探针和引物。同时利用Primer Premier5.0软件预测探针和引物的二级结构。 2.建立RCA扩增体系:以合成的含TDF耐药基因突变位点的HBV野生型序列为模板,建立RCA扩增体系,验证所设计探针、模板和引物的有效性。 3.RCA扩增体系实验条件优化:分别探讨在35℃、40℃、45℃、50℃和55℃条件下锁式探针与模板杂交对探针连接效率和连接特异性的影响;12U和30U的E.coliDNA连接酶用量对锁式探针连接效率的差异;核酸外切酶Exonuclease I使用与否对RCA扩增特异性的影响。 4. RCA扩增检测HBV的TDF耐药突变位点:抽取25例临床乙肝患者血清HBV的全基因组DNA,PCR方法扩增TDF耐药突变位点所在的HBV基因组RT区。PCR产物用RCA方法进行TDF耐药突变位点检测,同时对PCR产物进行测序,检测结果与测序结果比较,验证检测方法的准确率及可行性。并用不同浓度的HBV野生型和突变型人工合成序列为模板,探讨RCA方法的最低检测限和检测特异性。 5.建立双循环RCA技术:第一轮RCA扩增产物用限制性核酸内切酶HpaI酶切成PLP探针长度的核苷酸片段,以酶切产物为模板,启动新一轮RCA扩增反应,建立双循环RCA技术。以不同浓度的HBV野生型和突变型人工合成序列为模板,探讨双循环RCA方法的最低检测限和检测特异性。 结果: 1. Clustal X2软件比对结果显示,HBVTDF耐药位点所在区域基因序列基因最为保守,适合设计padlock探针。针对TDF耐药位点设计的PLP经Primer Premier5.0预测,PLP及其引物无二级结构,环化连接后PLP的二级结构也极少,保证了PLP与模板识别的高特异性和RCA扩增的高效率。 2.以合成的TDF耐药基因突变位点的HBV野生型和突变型序列为模板,建立RCA扩增体系,RCA扩增产物电泳结果显示,野生型序列有清晰的电泳条带,突变型序列无RCA扩增产物电泳条带,表明实验设计的PLP探针能有效、特异识别TDF耐药基因突变位点,可用于HBV耐药基因突变位点的检测。 3.在PLP环化连接反应中,PLP与HBV的DNA模板杂交温度为45℃时,探针的环化连接效率最高、特异性最好;E.coli DNA连接酶用量为12U和30U时,其环化连接产量基本无显著差异。从检测成本考虑,连接酶用量为12U即可满足实验需要。PLP环化连接产物不用核酸外切酶Exonuclease I消化,,突变型模板检测可出现非特异性RCA扩增产物,使用核酸外切酶能消化去除未连接成环的PLP,可有效提高检测的特异性。 4.RCA法检测25例乙肝患者HBV样本,检测结果均为阴性,即均未发生TDF耐药突变,与测序结果完全一致,检测准确率达100%。RCA法检测不同浓度的TDF耐药基因野生型和突变型合成模板,RCA方法的最低检测限为50pM,突变型模板检测均无非特异性PLP连接产物及RCA扩增产物,检测的特异性强,能准确区分单个碱基的差异。 5.用限制性核酸内切酶HpaI酶切第一轮RCA扩增产物,以酶切产物为模板,建立双循环RCA扩增技术,其检测限为5pM,检测灵敏度较单次RCA扩增法提高10倍;双循环RCA方法检测突变型模板时,均未见RCA扩增产物,检测特异性高。 结论: 1.设计了检测HBV替诺福韦耐药基因突变位点的锁式探针,成功建立并优化了RCA扩增反应体系,该方法检测特异性强,检测限较高,可应用于HBV耐药基因突变位点的检测。 2.建立的方法初步应用于乙肝患者HBV替诺福韦耐药基因突变位点的临床检测,检测结果与测序结果符合率高,检测准确率达到100%,是一种简便、快速、准确、成本低廉的HBV耐药基因检测新方法。 3.初步建立了双循环RCA扩增技术,成功将RCA检测灵敏度提高了10倍,其检测特异性强,检测成本更加低廉,有望应用于病原微生物耐药基因的快速检测。
[Abstract]:Background:
The data show that about 360 million people around the world are Hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers. Persistent infection of HBV can lead to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. The use of nucleotide analogues (nucleotideanalogs; NAs) antiviral drugs is an effective method of anti HBV therapy at present. But due to the lack of correction work of HBV polymerase As a result, the frequency of gene mutation is high. Once the target gene of the drug is mutated, the NAs drug loses its inhibitory effect on the replication of the virus, thus producing the phenomenon of clinical resistance. At present, the methods of detection of HBV resistance genes include direct sequencing, real-time quantitative multi PCR, and gene chip, but the above methods are the following. Insufficient: (1) high requirement of instrument and equipment: not only need PCR, but also have DNA sequencer, gene chip reader and other expensive instruments, small medical institutions can not meet. 2. The detection time is long, the cost is high: the detection cycle is from hours to days, the time is long, the cost is high, the patient's economic burden is heavy. As a result, the establishment of a simple, fast, accurate and low cost HBV resistant gene detection technique is an important problem to be solved in the field of HBV prevention and control.
Padlock probe-Rolling circle amplification (PLP-RCA) is a new type of nucleic acid amplification technology developed in recent years..PLP is composed of two terminal identification sequences and intermediate connection sequences. When the two ends recognition sequence and target sequence are completely complementary hybridization, the terminal bases are adjacent to each other and under the action of the DNA ligase. Cyclized DNA molecules. Cyclized PLP can be used as a template for RCA amplification and RCA amplification reaction under the action of primers and polymerase. Compared with other nucleic acid amplification techniques, this technique has the unique advantages of high specificity, high sensitivity and simplicity of operation. Because PLP is only complementary to the target sequence at both ends. Therefore, the RCA amplification reaction can be initiated. Therefore, PLP has the ability to identify single base differences and has a unique advantage in the field of detection of resistance sites. In addition, RCA is constant temperature amplification, without expensive instruments and equipment, and can effectively reduce the detection cost. Therefore, PLP-RCA technology has the unique advantages of simple, rapid and accurate detection of HBV resistance gene.
Objective:
Based on PLP and RCA amplification, a new method for detecting mutation loci of HBV resistant gene in HBV is established by using HBV for the mutation site of Nuo Fuwei (TDF) resistance gene.
Method锛

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