近六年来中国输入性疟疾流行形势及口岸卫生检疫分析

发布时间：2018-05-06 12:08

本文选题：输入性疟疾 + 口岸疟疾控制　；参考：《口岸卫生控制》2016年04期

【摘要】：目的研究口岸输入性疟疾控制应对机制。方法聚焦2008年至2013年六年间为研究时段,搜集全国网络疟疾疫情直报数据和万方数据库收录的输入性疟疾流行病学调查科研文献,分析中国目前输入性疟疾流行现状、趋势,研究病例分布以及病例流行规律。结果近六年来,中国口岸输入性疟疾总体病例绝对数及发病率逐年上升,尤其以2010年至2013年输入性疟疾上升态势更为严峻。国内疟疾感染以间日疟为主,国际输入性疟疾流行以恶性疟为主。输入性疟疾类型分布中,第一位是恶性疟、第二位是间日疟、第三位是卵形疟和混合疟。输入性疟疾来源分布,第一位是非洲和东南亚疟疾流行国家和地区,第二位是南美洲和缅甸、越南等与我国边境接壤国家和地区。非洲输入性疟疾传入无季节性差异,全年所有口岸均有非洲输入性恶性疟疾检出;东南亚国家和地区输入性疟疾以间日疟为主,集中在5、6月份。输入性疟疾性别分类,男性占95.6%,女性占极少数,性别差异具显著性,但无流行病学意义,与劳务派出部门的职业选择以男性为主有关。疟疾感染者职业分布,劳务输出第一位,占86.7%;商务活动第二位,占8.3%;其余为散在旅游观光。输入性疟疾感染原因,在非洲野外长时间从事劳务作业,且有被蚊虫叮咬史等。输入性疟疾发病症状典型,呈现以面、颈、胸部潮红,即"三红征"为主要症状,初次感染者以"感冒"自我医治而延误病情,占22.1%。有极少数误诊、延误病情导致死亡个案报道。结论重点研究针对来自非洲疟疾疫区的重点人群的检验检疫,从源头抓起,把输入性疟疾控制到最低程度。一强化政府主导大口岸卫生控制战略,设置专项资金投入;二强化部门职责,深化联防联控机制的内涵和外延;三强化依法开展除疟工作,建立可持续性口岸卫生控制长效机制;四加强专项科研攻关,提供技术保障;五继续加强与世界卫生组织合作,参与全球千年卫生计划行动;六实施疟疾高危人群防疟健康教育和培训,针对热带病预防知识培训并进行培训认证,同时对劳务输出管理部门实施蚊蝇防范技能培训认证;七、与旅行目的地国家卫生当局协作开展防疟合作,建立口岸跨边境疟疾防控合作机制,从源头控制疟疾的传入。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the control mechanism of imported malaria at port. Methods during the six years from 2008 to 2013, the current situation and trend of imported malaria in China were analyzed. To study the distribution of cases and the law of case prevalence. Results in the past six years, the absolute number of imported malaria cases and the incidence of imported malaria increased year by year, especially from 2010 to 2013. Vivax malaria is the main malaria infection in China, and falciparum malaria is the main epidemic in imported malaria in the world. In the distribution of imported malaria, the first is falciparum malaria, the second is vivax malaria, the third is ovate malaria and mixed malaria. The first is the endemic countries and regions in Africa and Southeast Asia, the second is South America and Myanmar, Vietnam and other countries and regions bordering China. Imported falciparum malaria from Africa was detected at all ports in the whole year, and vivax malaria was mainly imported from Southeast Asian countries and regions, mainly in May and June. The sex classification of imported malaria included 95.6 males and a very small number of females. The gender difference was significant, but there was no epidemiological significance, which was related to the occupational selection of the labor agencies. The distribution of malaria-infected workers was the first in labor export (86.7%), the second in business activities (8.3%), and the rest in tourism and sightseeing. The cause of imported malaria infection, long time labor work in Africa, and have been bitten by mosquitoes and so on. The symptoms of imported malaria are typical, showing flashes of face, neck and chest, that is, "three red signs" as the main symptoms. The first infected patients delay their condition by "cold" self-treatment, accounting for 22.1. Very few misdiagnoses and delays have resulted in death reports. Conclusion the inspection and quarantine of the key populations from the malaria-endemic areas in Africa should be focused on, and the imported malaria should be kept to the minimum level from the source. Strengthening the government's leading health control strategy at major ports and setting up special funds; strengthening the responsibilities of the departments and deepening the connotation and extension of the joint prevention and control mechanism; and strengthening the work of eliminating malaria according to law, To establish a long-term mechanism for sustainable port health control; (4) to strengthen special scientific research to tackle key problems and provide technical support; and (5) to continue to strengthen cooperation with the World Health Organization and participate in the global Millennium Health Plan; Implementation of malaria health education and training for high risk groups of malaria, training and certification of knowledge on prevention of tropical diseases, and training and certification of mosquito and fly prevention skills for labor export management departments; To cooperate with the health authorities of the countries of travel destination in malaria control, and to establish a cooperation mechanism for the prevention and control of malaria across the border at ports to control the introduction of malaria from the source.
【作者单位】：河南出入境检验检疫局;
【分类号】：R531.3;R185

【参考文献】