全球人感染禽流感疫情及其流行病学特征概述

发布时间：2018-05-19 12:00

本文选题：人感染禽流感 + 全球　；参考：《科学通报》2017年19期

【摘要】：禽流感病毒是甲型流感病毒,一般只在禽间传播,不会直接感染人类.当病毒基因发生重组或突变,会获得感染人的能力.自1959年发生人感染H7N7禽流感以来,各亚型禽流感病毒感染人的事件时有发生.1997年,我国香港特区暴发人感染H5N1禽流感是首次明确记录的禽流感病毒感染导致人类呼吸道疾病和死亡的疫情.迄今人感染禽流感已成为全球科学界关注的重要公共卫生问题.鉴于禽流感病毒可以长期存在于天然宿主体内且具有高度的遗传分化特性,因此具备成为前体病毒或导致流感大流行的可能性.20世纪发生的4次流感大流行,均与禽流感病毒密切相关.禽类是禽流感病毒的天然存储宿主,最容易传染人的传染源是携带病毒的家禽和感染病毒的病死禽,而传播途径主要为禽-人和环境-人传播.人感染不同亚型禽流感病毒后的临床症状表现不一,既有普通流感样症状(ILI)、结膜炎或关节炎,也会出现重症肺炎、呼吸衰竭、休克甚至死亡.目前针对人感染禽流感最重要的治疗手段是使用抗病毒药物,早期大剂量使用抗病毒治疗可显著提高禽流感病例的存活率.
[Abstract]:Avian influenza virus is influenza A virus, generally only spread between birds, not directly infected with humans. When the virus gene recombines or mutates, it gains the ability to infect people. Since the human infection with H7N7 avian influenza occurred in 1959, there have been frequent cases of human infection of various subtypes of avian influenza virus. The outbreak of human H5N1 avian influenza in Hong Kong Special Administrative region (HKSAR) of China is the first time that the avian influenza virus infection caused human respiratory disease and death. So far, human avian influenza has become an important public health problem concerned by the global scientific community. In view of the fact that avian influenza viruses can be present in natural hosts for a long time and have a high degree of genetic differentiation, they have the potential to become precursor viruses or cause influenza pandemics. The four influenza pandemics that occurred in the twentieth century, Are closely related to avian influenza virus. Avian influenza virus is the natural storage host of avian influenza virus, the most easily transmitted source of infection is the poultry carrying the virus and the dead bird infected with the virus, and the main route of transmission is poultry-human and environment-human transmission. The clinical symptoms of human infected with different subtypes of Avian Influenza virus vary, ranging from common flu-like symptoms such as ILI, conjunctivitis or arthritis to severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, shock and even death. At present, the most important treatment for human infection with avian influenza is the use of antiviral drugs, early high-dose antiviral treatment can significantly improve the survival rate of avian influenza cases.
【作者单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制处传染病监测预警中国疾病预防控制中心重点实验室;复旦大学公共卫生学院公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家杰出青年科学基金(81525023) 传染病监测与防治项目资助
【分类号】：R181.3;R511.7

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