青海省果洛藏族自治州棘球蚴病和棘球绦虫病流行情况调查

发布时间：2018-06-01 02:10

  本文选题：青海 + 果洛　； 参考：《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》2017年04期

【摘要】：目的了解青海省果洛藏族自治州(简称果洛州)人与动物棘球蚴病的流行情况。方法 2012年6-8月,在果洛州班玛、达日、甘德、久治、玛多、玛沁等6个县各抽取2~3个乡(镇),对1岁以上常住居民进行B超检查,计算人群棘球蚴病检出率;使用Ig G抗体检测试剂盒ELISA检测血清抗棘球蚴抗体,计算人群血清抗体阳性率。采用内脏剖检法调查啮齿动物鼠类及牲畜棘球蚴感染情况,现场随机采集家犬粪,ELISA检测粪抗原阳性情况。结果 B超检查共15 890人,查出患病者826例,检出率为5.20%(826/15 890)。ELISA检测共1 200人,血清抗体阳性率为16.75%(201/1 200)。达日县人群棘球蚴病检出率最高,为11.93%(430/3 605);甘德县血清抗体阳性率最高,为48.15%(65/135),其次为班玛县(12.77%,136/1 065)。女性棘球蚴病检出率和血清抗体阳性率分别为6.37%(499/7 839)和26.01%(142/546),均高于男性的4.06%(327/8 051)和9.02%(59/654)(P0.01)。牧民、宗教人士、学生和家务人员的棘球蚴病检出率均较高,分别为5.24%(700/13 370)、6.46%(41/635)、8.39%(25/298)和5.68%(18/317)。60~、30~和≥70年龄组棘球蚴病检出率均较高,分别为6.91%(76/1 100)、6.25%(255/4 078)和8.08%(37/458);≥70、60~、40~年龄组血清抗体阳性率均较高,分别为48.28%(14/29)、28.57%(20/70)、23.12%(40/173)。文盲人群的棘球蚴病检出率和血清抗体阳性率均最高,为5.85%(431/7 365)和62.61%(72/115)。冬季定居夏季游牧人群的棘球蚴病检出率和血清抗体阳性率最高,为6.36%(642/10 087)和60.49%(147/243)。不同地区、性别、职业、年龄组、文化程度以及不同居住方式间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。果洛州鼠类棘球蚴感染率为2.41%(98/4 058),其中久治县最高,为4.82%(49/1 016);终宿主犬粪抗原阳性率为14.90%(303/2 034),其中玛沁县最高,为18.76%(160/753);中间宿主牛棘球蚴感染率为28.37%(570/2 009),其中达日县最高,为62.80%(314/500)。不同地区间中间宿主牛、啮齿动物鼠类的感染率和终末宿主犬粪抗原阳性率的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论果洛州棘球蚴病疫情流行严重,犬是主要传染源。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the prevalence of human and animal echinococcosis in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province. Methods from June to August, 2012, 2 ~ 3 townships were selected from 6 counties in Guoruo County, including Banma, Dagri, Gander, Jiuzhi, Maduo and Maqin. B ultrasonic examination was performed on residents aged 1 and above, and the detectable rate of echinococcosis was calculated. Elisa was used to detect the serum anti-echinococcal antibody and the positive rate of serum antibody was calculated. The infection of rat and livestock echinococcosis in rodents and livestock was investigated by visceral dissecting method. The fecal antigen was detected by Elisa at random. Results A total of 15 890 patients were detected by B ultrasound, 826 cases were diagnosed, the detection rate was 5. 20% and 1 200 cases were detected by Elisa. The positive rate of serum antibody was 16. 75% / 201 / 1 200. The detection rate of echinococcosis was the highest in Dati County, 11.933%, 430%, 3605%, and the highest in Gande County, which was 48.15%, 65%, 135%, followed by Banma County, 12.77% 136R / 1065%. The detectable rate of echinococcosis and the positive rate of serum antibody in women were 6.3799 / 7 839) and 26.01% / 142 / 546 respectively, which were higher than those in men's 4.06% (3.27% 8 051) and 9.02% (59% 654% P 0.01). The detection rates of echinococcosis in herdsmen, religious personages, students and domestic workers were higher, at 5.24, respectively, which were 700 / 13 370 / 6.46 and 41 / 635 / 8.39 / 298) and 5.68% respectively, and the positive rates of echinococcosis were higher in the age group of 18 / 18 / 317.60 ~ and 鈮，

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