2015年全国血吸虫病监测分析

发布时间：2018-06-20 18:00

本文选题：钉螺 + 血吸虫病　；参考：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2017年03期

【摘要】：目的分析2015年全国血吸虫病疫情监测数据,为进一步控制和消除血吸虫病、开展风险监测等提供科学依据。方法按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案(2014年版)》的要求,在全国所有的血吸虫病流行县(市、区)和三峡库区潜在流行县(市、区)共设立457个国家级监测点,按照不同流行类型对当地常住居民、流动人群、家畜的血吸虫感染情况,以及钉螺分布和感染情况等进行监测,并对监测数据进行汇总、整理和分析。结果 2015年全国457年监测县(市、区)共开展本地常住居民血吸虫血清学筛查共133 350人,发现血检阳性者4 468人,其中4 457名血检阳性者接受了血吸虫病原学检查,发现病原学阳性者71人,主要为中、老年组的渔船民和农民;监测点常住居民总的血吸虫感染率为0.05%。共开展流动人群血清学筛查85 047人,发现血检血吸虫阳性者977人;其中966名血检阳性者接受了血吸虫病原学检查,发现病原学阳性者16人;监测点流动人群总的血吸虫感染率为0.02%;浙江、湖南、湖北省和安徽省在监测点流动人群中发现了输入性血吸虫感染者。2015年所有监测点均无急性血吸虫病病例报告。监测点共检查家畜13 406头,查出血吸虫感染家畜(牛)5头,监测点家畜总的血吸虫感染率为0.04%。监测点共调查各类环境面积22 295.13 hm~2,查出有螺环境面积7 426.63 hm~2;其中新发现钉螺面积3.47 hm~2,分布于江苏省和上海市;在除湖北省和广东省以外的监测点发现了钉螺复现环境82.22 hm~2;所有监测点均未发现感染性钉螺。结论全国血吸虫病监测点常住居民总的血吸虫感染率继续保持稳中有降的态势;流动人群中存在输入性血吸虫感染者。牛仍是主要的血吸虫感染家畜。虽未发现血吸虫感染性钉螺,但钉螺分布仍面广量大,且仍有新发现和复现有螺环境。各地应按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案(2014年版)》的统一要求,进一步完善监测体系,提高监测工作的科学性、敏感性和有效性。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the surveillance data of schistosomiasis in 2015 and to provide scientific basis for further control and elimination of schistosomiasis and risk monitoring. Methods according to the requirements of the National schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2014), 457 national surveillance sites were set up in all schistosomiasis endemic counties (cities, districts) and potential endemic counties (cities, districts) in the three Gorges Reservoir area. According to different epidemic types, schistosomiasis infection, distribution and infection of Oncomelania hupensis were monitored in local residents, floating population and domestic animals, and the monitoring data were collected, sorted and analyzed. Results A total of 133,350 local residents were screened for schistosomiasis in 457 counties (cities and districts) in 2015, of which 4,468 were found to be positive, and 4,457 of them were tested for schistosomiasis etiology. It was found that 71 cases were positive in etiology, mainly the fishing boat people and farmers in the aged group, and the total schistosomiasis infection rate was 0.05% in the permanent residents of the monitoring point. A total of 85 047 people were serologically screened in floating population, 977 of whom were found to be positive for schistosomiasis, among which 966 were tested positive for schistosomiasis and 16 were found to be positive in etiology. The total schistosomiasis infection rate of floating population was 0.02. In Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei and Anhui provinces, imported schistosomiasis infection was found in the floating population. No cases of acute schistosomiasis were reported in all monitoring sites in 2015. A total of 13,406 domestic animals were examined at the monitoring point, and 5 of them were found to be infected with schistosomiasis. The total schistosomiasis infection rate was 0.04%. A total of 22 295.13 hmm2 was investigated in monitoring sites, and 7 426.63 hmmm2 of snail environmental area was found, among which 3. 47 hmmm2 were newly discovered, which were distributed in Jiangsu and Shanghai. The reoccurrence environment of Oncomelania hupensis was 82.22 hmm-2 in the monitoring sites except Hubei and Guangdong Province, and no infected Oncomelania hupensis was found in all the monitoring sites. Conclusion the total schistosomiasis infection rate in the permanent residents of the national schistosomiasis surveillance points continues to decrease steadily, and there is an imported schistosomiasis infection in the floating population. Cattle are still the main infected domestic animals with schistosomiasis. Although no infected snails were found, the distribution of snails was still large, and the newly discovered and existing snail environment still existed. In accordance with the unified requirements of the National schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2014), the monitoring system should be further improved to improve the scientific, sensitive and effective monitoring work.
【作者单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所世界卫生组织热带病合作中心卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室;中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制处;
【基金】：上海市公共卫生第四轮三年行动计划(15GWZK0101) 国家传染病重大专项(2016ZX10004222-004)
【分类号】：R181.8;R532.21

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