海南某地环境卫生及个人行为因素对村民钩虫感染影响的研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 12:07

本文选题：村民 + 钩虫感染　；参考：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：了解海南省农村钩虫病高发地区的钩虫感染情况；研究分析影响村民钩虫感染的家庭环境和个人行为因素；分析钩虫感染的家庭聚集性。方法：选取海南省钩虫感染率较高的定安县新竹镇和五指山市毛阳镇作为调查地区,从中选取高感染率的自然村作为调查点,选择10岁以上且现居住在本村的所有村民作为调查对象。采用统一设计的调查问卷和访谈提纲调查村民个人卫生行为、家庭和村环境卫生情况。所有调查对象均采集粪便样本,并用改良加藤厚涂片法进行钩虫卵检测,同时在所有调查点均采集村土壤样本,并用盐水分离法进行钩蚴检测。调查数据采用EpiData3.1进行数据录入,运用单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归分析对影响因素进行分析,运用二项分布拟合原理对家庭聚集性进行分析,数据分析采用SAS9.2统计软件。结果： 1.本次调查共收集到有效粪便样品的村民数为2011人,钩虫感染率为31.58%,98.11%为轻度感染。其中黎族1000人,钩虫标化感染率为32.41%；汉族1011人,钩虫标化感染率为31.08%。两民族标化感染率无统计学差异(χ2=0.4178,P0.05)。 2.本次调查的635例钩虫感染者中,男性感染率为26.69%,女性感染率为36.59%,女性感染率高于男性(χ2=22.8017,P0.05)。 3.本次调查共采集20个村的90份土壤样本,钩蚴检出率为37.78%。其中60份来自田地,钩蚴检出率为20.00%；30份来自集中露天排便处,钩蚴检出率为73.33%,两者有统计学差异,其χ2=24.2017,P0.05。 4.本次调查的835户家庭供水量较充足,家庭总体环境卫生一般,庭院地而硬化的家庭占59.40%;院内及周边有植物种植的家庭占62.87%;无厕所的家庭占45.63%；在有厕所的家庭中,卫生厕所占68.94%；粪便无害化处理的家庭占55.73%。 5.所调查的村民中,不知道钩虫病的占69.37%；下地劳动的占90.80%,其中男性占总调查人数的45.65%,女性占45.15%,两者无统计学差异,其χ2=2.4606,P0.05；在下地劳动的人中,下地劳动光脚的占86.58%；无任何防护措施的占34.01%；下地回来通常洗手认为是正确的卫生行为,46.44%的村民能够做到。男女性别分开来看,男性赤脚劳动的占83.88%,女性占89.32%,两者有统计学差异,其φ2=11.6252,P0.05；男性无任何防护措施的占31.81%,女性占36.23%,两者有统计学差异,其χ2=3.9831,P0.05；48.37%的男性能够做到下地回来洗手,女性为44.49%,两者无统计学差异,其χ2=2.7524,P0.05。 6.多因素logistic回归模型分析显示,年龄、性别、教育程度、下地有无防护措施、下地回来洗手、是否知晓钩虫病、家庭有无厕所、家庭总体环境卫生等八个因素有统计学意义,是村民钩虫感染的影响因素,其OR值分别为1.234(1.155～1.318)、1.340(1.072～1.673)、1.503(1.262～1.789)、3.572(2.691～4.741)、1.988(1.497～2.639)、1.251(1.087～1.439)、2.428(1.919～3.073)、1.226(1.015～1.481)。 7.钩虫感染的家庭聚集性分析显示,该地钩虫感染存在家庭聚集性,其χ2=79.33,P0.05。结论： 1.村民钩虫感染率仍处于较高水平,但多数为轻度感染,两民族间钩虫感染率无差异。 2.当地无厕所户数较多,卫生厕所覆盖率较低。 3.钩虫感染的个人行为影响因素为下地劳动有无防护措施和下地回来洗手。 4.村民钩虫感染影响因素的危险性由高到低依次为下地有无防护措施、家庭有无厕所、下地回来洗手、教育程度、性别、是否知晓钩虫病、年龄以及家庭总体环境卫生。 5.钩虫感染存在家庭聚集性。
[Abstract]:Purpose :

To understand the hookworm infection in the high incidence area of rural hookworm in Hainan Province ;
The study and analysis of the family environment and personal behavior factors that influence the infection of villagers ' hookworm infection .
To analyze the family aggregation of hookworm infection .

Method :

In this paper , the survey data was collected from the village soil samples collected by EpiData3.1 , and analyzed by means of single factor and multi - factor non - conditional logistic regression analysis . The data were analyzed by using the binomial distribution fitting principle .

Results :

1 . The number of villagers collected in this survey was 2011 , the infection rate of hookworm was 31.58 % and 98.11 % was mild infection . Among them , the infection rate of hookworm was 32.41 % .
There was no statistical difference between the two groups ( 蠂2 = 0.4178 , P0.05 ) .

2 . Among the 635 cases of hookworm infection , the infection rate of male was 26.69 % , the female infection rate was 36.59 % , and the female infection rate was higher than that of the male ( 蠂2 = 22.8017 , P0.05 ) .

3 . This survey collected 90 samples of soil samples from 20 villages , the detection rate of hookworm was 37.78 % . Among them , 60 were from field and the detection rate of hookworm was 20.00 % .
The detection rate of hookworm was 73.33 % , which was statistically significant ( 蠂2 = 24.2017 , P0.05 ) .

4 . The household water supply of 835 households in the survey is more adequate , the general sanitation of the family is general , the family that hardens in the courtyard accounts for 59.40 % , the family and the surrounding plants occupy 62.87 % , and the family without toilet accounts for 45.63 % ;
Among the households with toilets , the sanitary toilets accounted for 68.94 per cent ;
The non - hazardous waste of feces accounts for 55.73 % .

5 . Among the villagers surveyed , 69.37 % of hookworm was not known ;
The total number of male and female were 45.65 % and 45.15 % , respectively . There was no statistical difference between them ( 蠂2 = 2.4606 , P0.05 ) .
Among the people who work in the lower land , the lower ground of labor is 86.58 % ;
34.01 % without any protective measures ;
When the male and female were separated , 83.88 % of male ' s barefoot labor and 89.32 % of women were statistically different , which was 2 = 11.6252 , P0.05 ;
There were 31 . 81 % of men without any protective measures and 36.23 % for women . There was statistical difference between them ( 蠂 2 = 3.9831 , P0.05 ) .
48.37 % of men were able to come back to wash their hands and 44.49 % for women . There was no statistical difference between them ( 蠂2 = 2.7524 , P0.05 ) .

6 . The multivariate logistic regression model showed that age , sex , education level , presence or absence of protective measures , back washing of hands , whether hookworm disease , family absence toilet , family overall environmental sanitation and so on were significant . The OR values were 1.234 ( 1.155 - 1.318 ) , 1.340 ( 1.072 - 1.673 ) , 1.503 ( 1.262 - 1.789 ) , 3.572 ( 2.691 - 4.741 ) , 1.988 ( 1.497 - 2.639 ) , 1.251 ( 1.087 - 1.439 ) , 2.428 ( 1.919 - 3.073 ) and 1.226 ( 1.015 - 1.481 ) , respectively .

7 . The family clustering analysis of hookworm infection showed that there was family aggregation in hookworm infection ( 蠂2 = 79.33 , P0.05 ) .

Conclusion :

1 . The infection rate of hookworm in villagers was still at a higher level , but most of them were mild infection , and there was no difference between the infection rate of hookworm in the two countries .

2 . There is a large number of non - toilets in the area , and the coverage of sanitary toilets is low .

3 . The influence factors of the individual behavior of hookworm infection are the protection measures and the hand washing .

4 . The risk of the influencing factors of villagers ' hookworm infection is from high to low , whether there is any protective measure , whether the family has a toilet , the next return to wash the hand , the degree of education , sex , the knowledge of hookworm , age and the general environmental sanitation of the family .

5 . There is family aggregation in hookworm infection .
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R532.12

【参考文献】