2009-2014年尼日尔共和国疟疾疫情分析

发布时间：2018-07-06 13:27

本文选题：疟疾 + 尼日尔　；参考：《广西医科大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:疟疾(Malaria)是目前世界危害较严重的虫媒传染性疾病,主要在热带、亚热带地区广泛流行,是威胁人类健康和经济发展的主要因素之一。虽然近年来,世界卫生组织防控疟疾的国际项目与措施的采用,大幅度的降低了疟疾的发病、死亡率,但非洲地区仍然是疟疾的高发地区。尼日尔共和国(The Republic of Niger)是恶性疟疾最主要的传播地区,虽然这十几年对疟疾采取了相关控制策略和措施,疟疾发病率得到了一定的控制,但疟疾仍然是影响当地居民健康的主要疾病,是威胁当地公共卫生的主要问题。当地对疟疾的监控系统和措施力度不足,也没有太多的文献研究尼日尔共和国疟疾的流行。本研究旨在探讨尼日尔共和国2009-2014年疟疾疫情分布特征,为相关部门制定疟疾防控策略与措施提供依据。方法:本研究通过收集尼日尔共和国2009-2014年疟疾患病例数、死亡例数、重症病例数、孕妇疟疾病例数,采用描述性流行病学方法分析尼日尔共和国疟疾流行的时间、空间和人群分布特征,重点分析5岁以下儿童疟疾患病、死亡和时间、空间分布特征,趋势检验采用χ2趋势检验,分析不同时间疟疾患病率、死亡率是否有差异。χ2检验分析对不同地区、不同年龄的疟疾患病率、死亡率和病死率是否有差异。结果:(1)疟疾流行概况:总患病率为23.88%,死亡率为0.022%,病死率为0.11%;重症疟疾病例占总疟疾病例数6.58%,孕妇疟疾病例占总疟疾病例数的2.11%。(2)疟疾流行的时间分布:不同年份疟疾患病率变化趋势差异有统计学意义(x2=88195.82,p=0.000);不同年份疟疾死亡率变化趋势差异有统计学意义(x2=940.64,p=0.000);不同年份疟疾病死率变化趋势差异有统计学意义(x2=1698.55,p=0.000)。(3)疟疾流行的地区分布:疟疾患病率最高的是多索(24.19%),最低的地区为阿加德兹(11.42%),不同地区的疟疾患病率差异有统计学意义(x2=519232.31,p=0.000);疟疾死亡率最高的是迪法(0.042%),最低的为首都尼亚美(0.004%),不同地区的疟疾死亡率差异有统计学意义(x2=2608.07,p=0.000);疟疾病死率最高的为阿加德兹(0.50%),最低的为首都尼亚美(0.02%),不同地区的疟疾病死率差异有统计学意义(x2=4704.21,p=0.000)。(4)疟疾流行的人群分布:年龄分布中,5岁以下儿童感染疟疾占总疟疾病例数的52.24%,5岁以下儿童与5岁以上人口疟疾患病率差异具有统计学意义(x2=2.196x107,p=0.000);死亡率差异具有统计学意义(x2=33050.94,p=0.000);病死率差异具有统计学意义(x2=969.60,p=0.000)。(5)5岁以下儿童疟疾流行概况:5岁以下儿童疟疾患病率为54.65%,死亡率为0.071%,病死率为0.13%。(6)5岁以下儿童疟疾流行的时间分布:5岁以下儿童疟疾年均患病率变化趋势差异具有统计学意义(X2=5901.28,P=0.000);年均死亡率变化趋势差异具有统计学意义(X2=233.58,P=0.000);年均病死率变化趋势差异具有统计学意义(X2=341.50,P=0.000)。(7)5岁以下儿童疟疾流行的地区分布:5岁以下儿童疟疾患病专率最高为首都尼亚美(68.73%),最低为阿加德兹(20.96%),不同地区5岁以下儿童疟疾患病专率差异具有统计学意义(X2=1148153.81,P=0.000);死亡专率最高为蒂拉贝里(0.0944%),最低为首都尼亚美(0.0059%),不同地区5岁以下儿童疟疾死亡专率差异具有统计学意义(X2=1367.07,P=0.000);病死专率最高为阿加德兹(0.405%),最低为首都尼亚美(0.009%),不同地区5岁以下儿童疟疾病死专率差异具有统计学意义(X2=2381.57,P=0.000)。结论:尼日尔共和国2009-2014年疟疾患病呈隔年变化趋势;除2010年外,其余年份疟疾的死亡率和病死率基本稳定。疟疾患病地区分布主要在多索、马腊迪和塔瓦。5岁以下儿童是尼日尔共和国疟疾感染的重点人群,患病率和死亡率均高于全国水平,病死率几乎持平。不同地区疟疾流行不同,具有环境和行政区域特征。
[Abstract]:Objective: malaria (Malaria) is one of the most serious insect borne infectious diseases in the world. It is widely prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas and is one of the major factors that threaten human health and economic development. In recent years, the adoption of international projects and measures to prevent and control malaria has greatly reduced the incidence and death of malaria in the WHO in recent years. The death rate, but the African region is still a high incidence area of malaria. The The Republic of Niger (The) is the most important spread area of malarial malaria. Although some control strategies and measures have been taken on malaria in the past decade, the incidence of malaria has been controlled, but malaria is still a major disease affecting the health of local residents. The main problems that threaten local public health. The monitoring system and measures for malaria are insufficient and there are not much literature to study the epidemic of malaria in the Republic of Niger. The aim of this study is to explore the distribution characteristics of malaria in the Republic of Niger in the past 2009-2014 years, and to provide the basis for the relevant departments to make malaria control strategies and measures. By collecting the number of malaria cases, the number of death cases, the number of severe cases and the number of malaria cases in pregnant women in the Republic of Niger, this study analyzed the time, space and distribution of malaria epidemic in the Republic of Niger by descriptive epidemiological methods, focusing on the analysis of the prevalence of malaria, death and time and the spatial distribution of children under the age of 5 years. Characteristics, trend test used the chi 2 trend test to analyze the prevalence and mortality of malaria at different times. Chi 2 test analyzed the difference in the prevalence, mortality and mortality of malaria in different regions and different ages. Results: (1) the prevalence of malaria was 23.88%, the mortality rate was 0.022%, the mortality rate was 0.11%, and severe malaria. The number of cases accounted for 6.58% of the total malaria cases and the 2.11%. (2) time distribution of malaria cases in the total number of malaria cases in pregnant women: the variation trend of malaria prevalence in different years was statistically significant (x2=88195.82, p=0.000); the variation trend of malaria mortality in different years was statistically significant (x2=940.64, p=0.000), and malaria in different years. The variation trend of the mortality rate was statistically significant (x2=1698.55, p=0.000). (3) the distribution of malaria epidemic areas: the highest prevalence rate of malaria (24.19%), the lowest area in Agadez (11.42%), the difference in the incidence of malaria in different regions was statistically significant (x2=519232.31, p=0.000), and the highest mortality rate of malaria was di (0.042%). The lowest was Niamey (0.004%). The difference of malaria mortality in different regions was statistically significant (x2=2608.07, p=0.000); the highest death rate of malaria was Agadez (0.50%), the lowest was Niamey (0.02%) in the capital, and the difference of death rates of malaria in different regions was statistically significant (x2=4704.21, p=0.000). (4) the distribution of malaria epidemic population: In the age distribution, the number of malaria infected children under 5 years of age accounted for 52.24% of the total number of malaria cases. The difference of malaria prevalence among children under 5 years old and over 5 years old was statistically significant (x2=2.196x107, p=0.000); the mortality difference was statistically significant (x2=33050.94, p=0.000); the mortality difference was statistically significant (x2=969.60, p=0.000). (5) 5 years old The prevalence of malaria in children under 5 years of age was 54.65%, the mortality rate was 0.071%, the mortality rate was 0.13%. (6) the time distribution of malaria prevalence in children under 5 years of age: the annual prevalence rate of malaria in children under 5 years of age was statistically significant (X2=5901.28, P=0.000); the variation trend of annual mortality was statistically significant Significance (X2=233.58, P=0.000); the variation trend of annual mortality rate was statistically significant (X2=341.50, P=0.000). (7) the distribution of malaria prevalence in children under 5 years of age: the highest prevalence rate of malaria in children under 5 years of age was Niamey (68.73%), the lowest was Agadez (20.96%), and the specificity of malaria specificity for children under 5 years of age in different regions was different. There were statistical significance (X2=1148153.81, P=0.000); the highest death rate was Teela Berry (0.0944%) and the lowest was Niamey (0.0059%). The difference in mortality rate of malaria mortality in children under 5 years of age was statistically significant (X2=1367.07, P=0.000); the highest mortality rate was Agadez (0.405%), and the lowest was Niamey (0.009%) in the capital. The difference in the mortality rate of malaria in children under 5 years of age was statistically significant (X2=2381.57, P=0.000). Conclusion: in the 2009-2014 year of Niger, the prevalence of malaria showed a trend of annual change; the mortality and mortality of malaria in the rest of the year were basically stable except for 2010. The distribution of malaria areas was mainly in the cases of malardian and Tawa under the age of.5. Children are the key population of malaria infection in the Republic of Niger. The prevalence rate and mortality rate are higher than the national level, and the mortality rate is almost flat. Different regions have different malaria epidemic and have environmental and administrative regional characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：广西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R531.3;R181.3

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