上海预防艾滋病志愿者跨文化敏感度和效力的研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 18:59

本文选题：预防艾滋病 + 志愿者　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前，预防艾滋病已成为全球性行动，，各种工作队伍多方参与，其中，志愿者的独特作用日益彰显。在此过程中，人们逐步认识到文化因素对预防艾滋病的宣传、倡导、培训、服务的影响，预防艾滋病志愿者需要面临与不同文化和亚文化群体的交际互动，然而，针对预防艾滋病志愿者跨文化交际能力的研究在国内外却鲜有文献报道。本研究以Chen和Starosta的跨文化交际能力模型为基础，以其“跨文化敏感度量表”及Portalla和Chen的“跨文化交际效力量表”为工具，以上海地区176位预防艾滋病志愿者为研究对象，通过问卷调查和随机电话访谈，对志愿者队伍的基本结构、参与预防艾滋病活动的基本状况，及其跨文化敏感度和效力进行了解和分析。研究结果发现：志愿者的跨文化敏感度和效力处于中等水平，跨文化效力低于跨文化敏感度水平。跨文化敏感度与效力呈显著正相关。不同性别、年龄、职业，以及从事志愿服务时间、接触服务人群不同的志愿者，其组别间跨文化敏感度和效力无统计学差异。志愿者参与活动类别的数量对跨文化敏感度和效力均有明显影响，其中，志愿者是否有学习跨文化交际理论和对服务人群主持预防艾滋病培训的经历，其跨文化敏感度有显著差异，但跨文化效力无统计学差异。面对与来自不同文化或亚文化群体的对象打交道，绝大多数志愿者表现出良好的意愿，但同时也显示出担忧、惧怕和焦虑等负面心理。作者就调查结果作了个人解读，建议今后将跨文化内容引入对预防艾滋病志愿者的招募、培训和测评等管理环节；倡导预防艾滋病机构在关注志愿者数量的同时，更加重视培育志愿者的综合能力以提高志愿服务成效；呼吁跨文化研究与公共卫生领域加强交流合作以促进预防艾滋病成效。作者对本研究局限性做了分析，对深入研究方向提出了建议。
[Abstract]:At present, AIDS prevention has become a global action, with the participation of various teams, in which the unique role of volunteers is increasingly evident. In the process, people gradually realize the impact of cultural factors on AIDS prevention, advocacy, training, services, AIDS prevention volunteers need to face interaction with different cultural and sub-cultural groups, however, The research on cross-cultural communication ability of AIDS prevention volunteers is seldom reported at home and abroad. Based on Chen and Starosta's cross-cultural communicative competence model, the cross-cultural sensitivity scale and Portalla and Chen's Intercultural Communication effectiveness scale were used to study 176 AIDS prevention volunteers in Shanghai. The basic structure of volunteers, the basic status of AIDS prevention activities, and their cross-cultural sensitivity and effectiveness were investigated and analyzed by questionnaires and random telephone interviews. The results showed that the cross-cultural sensitivity and effectiveness of volunteers were at the medium level, and the cross-cultural effectiveness was lower than that of cross-cultural sensitivity. There was a significant positive correlation between cross-cultural sensitivity and effectiveness. There was no significant difference in cross-cultural sensitivity and effectiveness among different gender, age, occupation, volunteer service time, and contact with different service groups. The number of volunteer participation activities has a significant impact on cross-cultural sensitivity and effectiveness. Among them, whether volunteers have the experience of learning the theory of intercultural communication and hosting AIDS prevention training for service groups. There are significant differences in cross-cultural sensitivity, but there is no statistical difference in cross-cultural effect. Most of the volunteers showed good intentions in dealing with objects from different cultural or subcultural groups, but they also showed negative psychology such as worry, fear and anxiety. The author makes a personal interpretation of the findings and suggests that cross-cultural content should be introduced into the recruitment, training and evaluation of AIDS prevention volunteers in the future, and that AIDS prevention organizations should pay attention to the number of volunteers at the same time. More attention should be paid to developing the comprehensive capacity of volunteers to improve the effectiveness of volunteer service. It calls for more communication and cooperation between cross-cultural research and public health to promote the effectiveness of AIDS prevention. The author makes an analysis of the limitations of this study and puts forward some suggestions for further research.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D632.9;R512.91

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