中国土源性线虫病流行状况与危险因素分析

发布时间：2018-07-22 20:06

【摘要】：目的明确2006年～2009年我国土源性线虫病的流行状况。分析现阶段影响土源性线虫病发生与流行的影响因素,为卫生部门采取有针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法1资料整理：收集整理2006年全国8个土源性线虫病基线调查点、2006年～2009年22个土源性线虫病监测点的调查监测资料,根据调查点的位置与数字地图建立关联。收集各基线调查点、监测点同期的气象与社会经济资料,提取其变量值。2土源性线虫病流行状况分析：分别对8个基线调查点和22个监测点土源性线虫病的流行状况进行分析,分别报告土源性线虫病的空间分布状况、时间趋势、人群分布状况、感染度和土壤污染状况。3土源性线虫病相关影响因素分析：应用基线调查数据开展土源性线虫病个体感染的相关因素分析,并结合试验区监测数据开展土源性线虫病流行相关因素的分析。结果1土源性线虫病的空间分布特征：2006年～2009年22个土源性线虫病监测点共调查90957人,年均感染率为16.1%,其中蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫的感染率分别是9.0%、5.9%、7.6%。云南省、江西省和贵州省三个监测点土源性线虫病的年均感染率最高,分别是56.5%、27.2%、24.2%。黑龙江省、北京市、山西省、河北省四个监测点土源性线虫病年均感染率最低,都接近0%。云南省勐海县调查点蛔虫病、鞭虫病的感染率最高,分别是72.8%和59.8%。福建省襄城县钩虫病的感染率最高,为36.9%。土源性线虫病年均感染率总体上体现出南方高、北方低的特点。2土源性线虫病个体感染相关因素：2006年8个土源性线虫病基线调查点共调查22519人,土源性线虫感染率为43.3%,其中蛔虫感染率是16.8%,鞭虫感染率是5.5%,钩虫感染率是21.1%。蛔虫病和鞭虫病的感染率在各年龄、性别、民族分组无显著差异,而女性、老人、汉族人群的钩虫病感染率高。儿童和学生的鞭虫病感染风险高于农民,农民的钩虫病感染率较高。教育程度高的人群土源性线虫病感染率低,文盲或半文盲人群鞭虫病感染率高。饮用水水源为地面径流水、如厕后不洗手、常常食用未清洗水果、经常赤足是土源性线虫个体感染风险上升的危险因素。3土源性线虫病流行相关因素分析：土源性线虫病试验区监测资料的分析结果显示厕所无害化处理程度高、年均收入高的地区蛔虫平均感染率低,年均温度越高、年均相对湿度越大、年日照总时数越多地区的人群蛔虫感染的危险性越大；鞭虫感染率主要与当地的人均收入有关,与气象、海拔等因素无显著相关性；钩虫病的感染率除了与当地的平均温度、相对湿度具有显著的正相关关系外,还与厕所的无害化改造显著相关。另外,蛔虫感染率与庭院土壤蛔虫卵的污染率显著相关,与菜园、厨房土壤蛔虫卵污染率未显示显著的相关关系。结论1本次土源性线虫感染率监测结果与全国第一、二次人体重要寄生虫调查结果相比较,呈现感染率总体下降的趋势；其中蛔虫感染率下降最明显,与第二次调查相比下降了34.8%；鞭虫感染率下降了3.6%：但是钩虫感染率比较上阶段的调查上升了66.9%。距离我国重点寄生虫防治规划,到2015年底全国蠕虫感染率下降60%以上目标的实现还有一定距离。2土源性线虫病各病种的分布存在显著的空间异质性,总体来所,我国南方温度、年均相对湿度较高、经济不发达地区是今后上源性线虫病防制的重点区域。地面径流水作为饮用水源、如厕后不洗手、食用未经清洗的水果、经常赤足外出等是土源性线虫个体感染的主要的危险因素。土源性线虫病的综合防治措施需继续推行,除开展农村的安全供水、改善卫生环境、有选择性的集体驱虫和健康教育外,还需加强高流行区厕所的无害化处理和庭院土壤土源性线虫虫卵的监测。图10幅,表14个,参考文献33篇
[Abstract]:Objective to clarify the epidemic situation of native nematode disease in 2006 to 2009. Analyze the influencing factors on the occurrence and epidemic of soil borne nematode in the present stage, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control measures taken by the health department. Method 1 data collation: collecting and sorting out the baseline survey point of 8 soil nematode disease in 2006, 2006 The monitoring data of 22 geonematonematode disease monitoring sites in 2009 were used to establish a correlation between the location of the survey points and the digital map, collect the baseline survey points, monitor the meteorological and socioeconomic data at the same period, and extract the variable values of.2 geonematonematode epidemic analysis: 8 baseline survey points and 22 monitoring sites. Analysis of the epidemic situation of sexual nematode disease, report on the spatial distribution of soil nematode disease, time trend, population distribution, infection and soil pollution status of.3 soil borne nematode: analysis of related factors of individual infection of soil source nematode by using baseline survey data and combined test Analysis of the related factors of soil borne nematode epidemic. Results 1 the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nematode disease: from 2006 to 2009, 22 soil derived nematode diseases were investigated in 90957 people, with an average annual infection rate of 16.1%, of which the infection rates of Ascaris, flagellate, and hookworm were 9%, 5.9%, 7.6%. Yunnan, Jiangxi and Guizhou. The annual average infection rate of soil source nematode in three monitoring sites was the highest, which was 56.5%, 27.2%, 24.2%. Heilongjiang, Beijing, Shanxi, Hebei Province, four monitoring points with the lowest average annual rate of soil borne nematode infection, which were close to the Beijing Yunnan Menghai county survey point ascariasis, the highest rate of flagellosis, 72.8% and 59.8%. Fujian Province, respectively. The infection rate of hookworm disease in city county was the highest. The annual average infection rate of 36.9%. soil nematode disease was high in the South and low in the north. The related factors of individual infection of.2 soil derived nematode disease were: in 2006, 22519 people were investigated at the baseline survey point of 8 soil nematode disease. The infection rate of soil source nematode was 43.3%, of which the infection rate of Ascaris was 16.8%, whip was whip. The infection rate of the insect is 5.5%. The infection rate of the hookworm infection is 21.1%. ascariasis and flagellate. There is no significant difference in age, sex and ethnic group. The infection rate of hookworm disease in women, the elderly and the Han population is high. The risk of flagellate infection in children and students is higher than that of farmers, and the rate of hookworm infection is higher in the farmers. The infection rate of nematode disease is low, the infection rate of flagellate disease in illiterate or half text blind people is high. The water source of drinking water is water on the ground, without washing hands after toilet, often eating unwashed fruit, frequent barefoot is a risk factor for the increase of individual infection risk of soil borne nematode,.3 geonematic nematode epidemic factor analysis: soil nematode disease test area monitoring The results of the data analysis show that the harmless treatment of the toilet is high, the average infection rate of Ascaris Ascaris is low in the area with high annual income, the higher the annual average temperature, the greater the annual relative humidity, the greater the risk of Ascaris infection in the more areas with the total annual sunshine, the rate of flagellate infection is mainly related to the local per capita income, and the weather, elevation and so on. The infection rate of hookworm disease has significant correlation with the local average temperature and relative humidity, and is significantly related to the harmless transformation of the toilet. In addition, the infection rate of Ascaris Ascaris is significantly related to the contamination rate of Ascaris Ascaris eggs in garden soil, and there is no significant difference with the rate of egg pollution in the kitchen and kitchen soil Ascaris Ascaris. Conclusion 1 the monitoring results of soil nematode infection rate compared with the survey results of the first, second important human parasites in the country showed a trend of overall decline in infection rate; the infection rate of Ascaris Ascaris decreased by 34.8% compared with the second survey, and the rate of flagellate infection decreased by 3.6%, but the rate of hookworm infection was compared. The investigation of the upper stage increased 66.9%. distance from the key parasite prevention and control program in China. By the end of 2015, the national worm infection rate decreased by more than 60%, and there was a certain distance from the distribution of.2 soil borne nematode disease. The area is the key area for the prevention and control of upper source nematode in the future. Ground water as a drinking water source, without washing hands after toilet, eating unwashed fruits, frequent barefoot out and so on are the main risk factors for individual infection of soil borne nematodes. In the environment of good health, selective collective insect repelling and health education, the innocuous treatment of toilets in the high epidemic areas and the monitoring of the eggs of soil borne nematode worms in the courtyard are also needed. Figure 10, 14 tables and 33 references
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R532.1

【参考文献】