南昌市高中生艾滋病知信行调查和宣传教育干预效果评价

发布时间：2018-07-31 13:13

【摘要】：目的:了解高中生艾滋病知、信、行现状,开展健康教育等干预活动,评价干预效果,为高中学校有针对性开展艾滋病干预活动、预防艾滋病提供科学依据。方法:以就读于南昌市辖区全日制城区高中和农村县高中学生作为调查对象,在南昌市、东湖区、高新区、红谷滩区、经开区、青山湖区、青云谱区、湾里区、西湖区、南昌县、进贤县、安义县、新建县12个县区分别随机抽取1所高中;根据年级进行分层整群抽样,每个年级随机抽查2个班,共抽取72个班。以问卷调查的方式对高中生的艾滋病知识知晓情况、艾滋病相关态度情况、艾滋病相关行为情况以及所在学校开展的预防艾滋病健康教育的现状和需求情况进行基线调查。完成调查后学校组织开展艾滋病健康教育活动,历时一周,覆盖已完成基线调查的年级和班级,健康教育活动内容均以健康讲座、专题宣传和命题作文的形式进行,干预后进行追踪调查。使用Epidata3.1建立数据库,用SPSS20.0软件进行统计分析。剔除失访后基线调查和追踪调查分别调查3846名和3641名高中生。结果:健康教育干预后艾滋病基础知识(81.9%)、传播途径知识(49.9%)、预防知识(33.6%)、其它相关知识(43.8%)和总的知晓率(46.5%)都有不同程度提高,干预前后差异有统计学意义,干预效果明显。干预后高中生对艾滋病、艾滋病患者/感染者的态度总体上有所改善,对艾滋病认识提高的同时更多的人认同艾滋病患者/感染者继续工作(42.5%)并对他们身份进行保密(24.7%),愿意帮助和关爱他们(33.6%)。但是歧视态度和恐惧心理仍然存在。高中学生异性之间,性行为发生率男生(6.1%)高于女生(3.1%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=18.26,P=0.00)。城市学生(5.0%)高于农村学生(4.2%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1.29,P=0.256)。同性之间的艾滋病相关行为也应受到重视。50%以上的高中生对于艾滋病知识最有需求的方面均是“传播途径”和“如何预防”。结论:健康教育干预后相关知识知晓率显著增加,整体态度更加积极,但恐惧心理和歧视态度情况变化不大,存在艾滋病危险行为。应发挥学校主导作用,采用相应形式的教育活动,在高中积极开展健康教育,做好预防工作。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the current situation of AIDS knowledge, belief and practice in senior high school students, to carry out health education and other intervention activities, to evaluate the effect of intervention, and to provide scientific basis for AIDS prevention in high school. Methods: the students were investigated in Nanchang City District, Donghu District, High-tech Zone, Honggu Beach District, Jingkai District, Qingshan Lake District, Qingyun Spectrum District, Wan Li District and West Lake District. Nanchang County, Jinxian County, Anyi County, Xinjian County 12 counties were randomly selected from one high school; according to grade stratified cluster sampling, each grade random sampling 2 classes, a total of 72 classes. The status of AIDS knowledge, attitude and behavior of high school students as well as the status and needs of AIDS prevention health education in their schools were investigated by questionnaire. After the completion of the survey, the school organized and carried out AIDS health education activities, which lasted a week and covered all the grades and classes that had completed the baseline survey. The contents of the health education activities were carried out in the form of health lectures, thematic propaganda and propositional compositions. Follow-up investigation was carried out after intervention. Epidata3.1 is used to establish database and SPSS20.0 software is used for statistical analysis. Baseline survey and tracking survey were conducted in 3846 and 3641 high school students respectively. Results: the basic knowledge of AIDS (81.9%), the knowledge of the way of transmission (49.9%), the knowledge of prevention (33.6%), the other related knowledge (43.8%) and the total awareness rate (46.5%) after the intervention of health education were improved to some extent. The difference before and after intervention was statistically significant, and the effect of intervention was obvious. After the intervention, the attitude of high school students towards AIDS and AIDS patients / infected persons has improved on the whole. While raising the awareness of AIDS, more people agree that AIDS patients / infected persons continue to work (42.5%) and keep their identity confidential (24.7%), and are willing to help and care for them (33.6%). But discriminatory attitudes and fear persist. The incidence of sexual behavior in male students (6.1%) was higher than that in female students (3.1%), and the difference was statistically significant (蠂 ~ (2 / 2) 18.26 / P ~ (0.00). The difference between urban students (5.0%) and rural students (4.2%) was statistically significant (蠂 ~ (2) 1.29). AIDS-related behaviors of the same sex should also be paid attention to. More than 50% of the high school students have the most need for AIDS knowledge in the "way of transmission" and "how to prevent". Conclusion: after the intervention of health education, the awareness rate of related knowledge increased significantly, the overall attitude was more positive, but the situation of fear and discrimination changed little, and there was AIDS risk behavior. We should give play to the leading role of the school, adopt the corresponding form of educational activities, actively carry out health education in senior high school and do a good job of prevention.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R512.91

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