传染病患者及病原携带者权利保护的研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 17:46

【摘要】：随着全球环境的不断变化，传染病的不断发生给人类造成了很大的威胁。传染病患者及病原携带者的权利保护情况关系到该类人群的身心健康发展，从而影响社会秩序的稳定。认真剖析传染病患者及病原携带者权利保护的状况，对改善人类群体的健康水平有着至关重要的作用。本文从传染病患者及病原携带者权利相关理论分析入手，，通过对患者、医务人员、群众三类人群的实证调查研究传染病患者及病原携带者权利保护现状，指出存在的问题并提出相应的有针对性的建议。本研究采用了文献分析法、问卷调查法和访谈法。采用随机抽样及整群抽样的方法，选取长春市及周边地区的普通群众及两家综合医院、两家专科医院的传染病患者及相关医务人员进行问卷调查，数据录入后，采用Spss13.0进行统计分析，同时对调查对象进行访谈，访谈对象还包括卫生法学及传染病防治领域的老师和专家。经调查和访谈得到结果如下：公众对传染病相关知识了解匮乏；多数公众表示比较介意与传染病患者或病原携带者共处一室；多数公众在周围出现传染病患者的前提下会注射疫苗，但很少有主动提早预防的意识；公众之所以对传染病患者歧视，主要因为他们认为大多数传染病是由不良性生活导致。部分传染病患者及病原携带者对自身所患疾病认识有误，且求知欲较强烈；部分传染病患者因害怕受到歧视在入职体检时作弊；高昂的医药费开销和强大的心理压力是传染病患者及病原携带者难以忍受的现状；只有少数传染病患者会用法律武器保护自己的权利，其主要原因是他们不懂法，其次为现有的法律不健全；多数患者在住院期间能够得到如实而完整的告知；因为个人信息泄露，部分患者在住院期间曾遇到一些商家的打扰；多数医务人员能够在医疗工作中充分尊重传染病患者及病原携带者的隐私权，并且履行告知义务，主动与患者沟通。传染病患者及病原携带者的所应享有的权利中，除了知情权保护相对较好外，平等权、隐私权和健康权的保护都有待进一步完善，不仅需要加强相关法律法规的建设，而且要强化传染病患者及病原携带者医疗保障措施，同时充分发挥医疗机构及医务人员在传染病患者及病原携带者权利保护中的积极作用，并加大对传染病相关知识的宣传力度，而政府的支持是最根本也是最主要的力量。
[Abstract]:With the constant change of the global environment, the continuous occurrence of infectious diseases has posed a great threat to human beings. The protection of the rights of infectious disease patients and pathogen carriers is related to the physical and mental health of such people, thus affecting the stability of social order. It is very important to analyze the protection of the rights of patients and carriers of infectious diseases in order to improve the health level of human population. Based on the theoretical analysis of the rights of patients with infectious diseases and carriers of pathogens, this paper makes an empirical investigation of the rights of patients and carriers of infectious diseases through an empirical investigation of the three groups of patients, medical personnel and the masses. Points out the existing problems and puts forward corresponding suggestions. This research adopts the literature analysis method, the questionnaire survey method and the interview method. By using the methods of random sampling and cluster sampling, the general public and two general hospitals in Changchun and its surrounding areas and the infectious disease patients and related medical staff in two specialized hospitals were investigated by questionnaire, and the data were recorded. At the same time, the subjects were interviewed by Spss13.0, including teachers and experts in the field of health law and infectious disease prevention. The results of the investigation and interviews are as follows: the public lack of knowledge about infectious diseases; most of the public said that they would prefer to live in one room with patients or carriers of infectious diseases; Most of the public will be vaccinated under the premise of the emergence of infectious disease patients, but there is little awareness of proactive early prevention; the public discriminates against people with infectious diseases mainly because they believe that most infectious diseases are caused by bad sex life. Some infectious disease patients and pathogen carriers have wrong understanding of their own disease, and have a strong desire for knowledge, some infectious disease patients are afraid to be discriminated against in the medical examination, cheating; High medical expenses and strong psychological pressure are unbearable conditions for patients and carriers of infectious diseases; only a few patients with infectious diseases will use legal weapons to protect their rights, the main reason being that they do not know the law. Secondly, the existing laws are not perfect; most patients can be informed truthfully and completely while in hospital; because of personal information leakage, some patients have encountered some business interruptions while in hospital; Most medical staff can fully respect the privacy rights of patients with infectious diseases and carriers of pathogens in their medical work, and fulfill the duty of informing and actively communicate with patients. Among the rights to be enjoyed by patients with infectious diseases and carriers of pathogens, in addition to the relatively good protection of the right to know, the protection of the right to equality, the right to privacy and the right to health all need to be further improved. It is not only necessary to strengthen the construction of relevant laws and regulations. Moreover, it is necessary to strengthen medical protection measures for patients with infectious diseases and carriers of pathogens, and at the same time give full play to the positive role of medical institutions and medical personnel in the protection of the rights of patients and carriers of infectious diseases. The government support is the most fundamental and main force.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.16;R51

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