中国2014年麻疹风疹实验室网络运转情况分析

发布时间：2018-08-22 07:38

【摘要】：目的评价中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区)2014年麻疹风疹实验室网络(Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network,MRLN)的运转状况。方法分析2014年中国麻疹监测信息报告管理系统中的实验室数据和全国MRLN监测数据,评价中国MRLN运转的各项指标。结果在血清学检测方面,2014年全国共采集散发监测病例血标本103 983例,标本采集率96.11%;实验室确诊麻疹病例为48 344例,占监测病例的37.90%。共证实麻疹暴发276起、风疹暴发7起。在麻疹暴发中,256起(92.75%)经实验室确诊;213起(77.17%)采集了病原学标本。在病毒学监测方面,2014年30个省级麻疹风疹实验室(Measles and Rubella Laboratory,MRL)共送检麻疹病毒4 919株,其中4 872株为中国本土流行的H1a基因亚型,其余为10株B3、3株D8、9株D9、1株G3和24株A基因型(疫苗相关株);15个省级MRL共送检210株阳性风疹病毒,其中74株1E基因型,135株2B基因型和1株2A基因型。在质量控制方面,国家MRL作为世界卫生组织(WHO)西太平洋区麻疹风疹参比实验室,在2014年通过了WHO的职能考核和现场认证;同时陕西、山东、云南、贵州、山西、江西、辽宁和青海8个省级MRL通过了WHO专家组的现场认证;32个省级MRL全部通过了由WHO和国家MRL组织的职能考核。结论中国2014年MRLN运转良好,为监测病例的实验室诊断和鉴别诊断、麻疹和风疹病毒学的监测提供了良好的技术平台,证实本土麻疹基因型H1仍在持续循环流行,同时有4个基因型病毒多次从国外输入,提示加强监测阻断输入病毒传播势在必行。
[Abstract]:Objective to evaluate the operation of (Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network MRLN in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative region and Taiwan) in 2014. Methods the laboratory data of China measles Surveillance Information report Management system in 2014 and the national MRLN monitoring data were analyzed and the indexes of MRLN operation in China were evaluated. Results in the aspect of serological examination, 103 983 blood samples were collected from China in 2014, the collection rate was 96.11, and 48 344 measles cases were confirmed in laboratory, accounting for 37.90% of the monitored cases. A total of 276 measles outbreaks and 7 rubella outbreaks were confirmed. In the outbreak of measles 256 cases (92.75%) were confirmed by laboratory diagnosis 213 (77.17%) collected pathogenic samples. In virological surveillance, a total of 4,919 measles virus strains were detected in 30 provincial measles rubella laboratories in 2014, including 4,872 of which were endemic H1N1 gene subtypes in China. The rest were 10 strains of B3, 3 strains of D8, 9 strains of D9, 1 strain of G3 and 24 strains of A genotype (vaccine related strains), and a total of 210 positive rubella virus strains were tested by 15 provincial MRL, including 74 strains of 1E genotype, 135 strains of 2B genotype and 1 strain of 2A genotype. In terms of quality control, the National MRL, as a reference laboratory for measles and rubella in the Western Pacific region of the World Health Organization (WHO), passed the functional examination and on-site certification of WHO in 2014; meanwhile, Shaanxi, Shandong, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Eight provincial MRL in Liaoning and Qinghai have passed the field certification of WHO expert group, and all 32 provincial MRL have passed the function examination organized by WHO and national MRL. Conclusion the MRLN in 2014 in China is working well, which provides a good technical platform for laboratory diagnosis and differential diagnosis of surveillance cases and surveillance of measles and rubella virology. It is confirmed that local measles genotype H1 is still circulating epidemic. At the same time, four genotypes of viruses were imported from foreign countries many times, suggesting that it is imperative to strengthen monitoring to block the transmission of imported viruses.
【作者单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所国家卫生和计划生育委员会医学病毒学和病毒病重点实验室世界卫生组织西太平洋区麻疹参比实验室;烟台市疾病预防控制中心;
【基金】：国家科学技术“艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治”重大专项“病毒性传染病病原谱流行规律及变异研究”课题(编号:2013ZX10004202);国家科学技术“艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治”重大专项“传染病实验室网络化检测技术-麻疹和脊灰实验室网络监测技术”课题(编号:2012ZX10004215) 国家自然科学基金课题(项目号:81371791) 行使WHO西太区地区麻疹参比实验室职能
【分类号】：R511.1

【参考文献】