云南保山边境地区疟疾流行现状与媒介潜势研究

发布时间：2019-01-19 21:02

【摘要】：目的：近年来，云南省疟疾发病主要集中在保山边境地区。本项目通过对保山边境地区疟疾疫情特点进行分析并对当地媒介按蚊昆明按蚊在疟疾传播潜能研究，为当地疟疾防治工作提供科学依据。方法：（1）收集2011-2012年腾冲县和龙陵县疟疾发病资料，采取描述性流行病学方法进行分析，，掌握当地疫情流行特点；（2）2012年6-8月对龙陵县媒介按蚊昆明按蚊开展传疟作用定量研究，了解昆明按蚊在疟疾流行中的效能。结果：（1）2011-2012年腾冲县和龙陵县共报告疟疾病例719例，其中腾冲县626例，龙陵县93例，疟疾病例中间日疟634例，占88.18%；恶性疟71例，占9.88%；未分型疟疾14例，占1.95%。发病以外源性为主，占疟疾总发病数的88.03%，其中输入地最高的是来自于缅甸（602例），占病例总数的83.73%。男性疟疾病人高于女性，男性病例占发病总数的91.38%；患者职业以农民和民工为主，占发病总数的94.02%；发病高峰为4-6月；发病年龄主要集中31-62岁（共430例），占总发病数的59.81%；疟疾平均发病与诊断时间间隔为96h。在腾冲和龙陵县病例地区分布上，腾冲县报告病例数最高的是五合乡(106例)，占全县发病总数的16.96%，其中北海乡发病最低(9例)，占全县发病总数的1.44%；龙陵县报告病例数最高的是龙江乡(48例)，占全县发病总数的51.61%，勐糯镇和木城乡病例数最低(1例)，占全县发病总数的1.08%。（2）昆明按蚊全夜均有叮人活动，夜间活动高峰为21:00-22:00；媒介能量为0.172，基本繁殖率（Zo）为1.16（Zo＞1）。结论：（1）保山边境地区疟疾疫情严峻，病例多以输入性病例为主，结果提示必须加强对当地外出务工人员的疟疾防治宣教和流动人口传染源监测，提高当地医务人员的疟疾诊疗能力。（2）昆明按蚊仍然属于该地区重要疟疾媒介，具有较高的传疟效能，建议当地防疫部门加媒介监测力度，有效阻断疟疾传播流行。
[Abstract]:Objective: in recent years, the incidence of malaria in Yunnan Province is mainly concentrated in Baoshan border area. Through the analysis of the malaria epidemic situation in Baoshan border area and the study on the transmission potential of the local vector Anopheles Kunming, this project provides the scientific basis for the local malaria control work. Methods: (1) data of malaria incidence in Tengchong County and Longling County from 2011 to 2012 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. (2) A quantitative study on the transmission of malaria from Anopheles Kunming to Anopheles Kunming in Longling County from June to August, 2012 was carried out to understand the effectiveness of Anopheles Kunming in malaria epidemic. Results: (1) 719 cases of malaria were reported in Tengchong County and Longling County from 2011 to 2012, including 626 cases in Tengchong County, 93 cases in Longling County, 634 cases of vivax malaria (88.18%) and 71 cases of falciparum malaria (9.88%). There were 14 cases of unclassified malaria (1.95%). The incidence of malaria was mainly exogenous, accounting for 88.03 of the total incidence of malaria, the highest of which was from Myanmar (602 cases), accounting for 83.73% of the total number of cases. Male malaria patients were higher than females, male cases accounted for 91.38% of the total incidence, the occupation of the patients was mainly farmers and migrant workers, accounting for 94.02% of the total incidence, with a peak of 4-6 months. The age of onset was mainly 31-62 years (430 cases), accounting for 59.81% of the total incidence, and the mean time interval between onset and diagnosis of malaria was 96 hours. In the distribution of cases in Tengchong and Longling counties, the highest number of reported cases in Tengchong County was in Wuhe Township (106 cases), accounting for 16.96% of the total incidence in the county, among which Hokhai Township had the lowest incidence (9 cases), accounting for 1.44% of the total incidence in the county. Longling County reported the highest number of cases in Longjiang Township (48 cases), accounting for 51.61% of the total incidence of disease in the county, Mengnao Town and wooden urban and rural areas have the lowest number of cases (1 case). (2) Anopheles mosquitoes in Kunming had biting activity all night, the peak of nocturnal activity was 21: 00-22: 00; The vector energy was 0.172 and the basic reproduction rate (Zo) was 1.16 (Zo > 1). Conclusion: (1) the epidemic situation of malaria in Baoshan border area is severe, most of the cases are imported cases, the results suggest that it is necessary to strengthen the malaria prevention and control education and the monitoring of the source of infection of the floating population among the local migrant workers. (2) Anopheles Kunming is still an important malaria vector in this area and has high malaria transmission efficiency. It is suggested that local epidemic prevention departments should strengthen vector monitoring to effectively block the spread of malaria.
【学位授予单位】：大理学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R531.3

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