中国2015年麻疹风疹实验室网络运转与评价

发布时间：2019-01-21 08:55

【摘要】：目的评价中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区)2015年麻疹风疹实验室网络(Measles/rubella laboratory network,MRLN)的运转状况。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析2015年中国麻疹监测信息报告管理系统中的实验室数据和全国MRLN监测数据,评价中国MRLN运转的各项指标。结果 2015年全国共报告监测病例104 948例,其中麻疹病例42 382例,40 717例(96.07%)为实验室确诊病例;风疹病例8 143例,6 324例(77.66%)为实验室确诊病例。共报告暴发疫情400起,其中麻疹暴发329起,风疹暴发31起。共采集散发监测病例血标本90 305例,标本采集率97.47%;麻疹、风疹IgM检测阳性率分别为38.75%、6.30%。共采集散发监测病例病原学标本45 032例,标本采集率48.60%;麻疹、风疹病毒核酸检测阳性率分别为35.74%、5.43%。29个省级麻疹风疹室验室(Measles/rubella laboratory,MRL)共送检麻疹病毒3 967株,其中D_9基因亚型1株、A基因型(疫苗相关株)16株、中国本土流行的H_(1a)基因亚型3 950株。16个省级MRL共送检风疹病毒316株,其中1E基因型4株、2B基因型312株。国家MRL和32个省级MRL全部通过2015年世界卫生组织的职能考核。结论中国2015年MRLN运转良好,证实本土麻疹基因型H1仍在持续循环流行,为中国消除麻疹奠定了良好的实验室网络技术支撑。
[Abstract]:Objective to evaluate the operation of measles rubella laboratory network (Measles/rubella laboratory network,MRLN) in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative region and Taiwan) in 2015. Methods the laboratory data of China measles Surveillance Information report Management system in 2015 and the national MRLN monitoring data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. The indexes of MRLN operation in China were evaluated. Results A total of 104 948 surveillance cases were reported in 2015, of which 42 382 were measles cases, 40 717 (96.07%) were laboratory confirmed cases, 8 143 were rubella cases and 6 324 (77.66%) were laboratory confirmed cases. A total of 400 outbreaks were reported, including 329 measles outbreaks and 31 rubella outbreaks. A total of 90,305 blood samples were collected, and the positive rates of measles and rubella IgM were 38.75 and 6.30 respectively. A total of 45 032 pathogenic specimens were collected from sporadic surveillance cases, and the collection rate was 48. 60%. The positive rate of nucleic acid detection of measles and rubella virus was 35.745.43.29 provincial measles rubella laboratory (Measles/rubella laboratory,MRL), a total of 3,967 measles virus strains were tested, among which 1 strain of Dap9 gene subtype was detected. 16 strains of genotype A (vaccine related strain), 3 950 strains of H1a gene subtype endemic in China, were tested for rubella virus 316 strains with 16 provincial MRL, including 4 strains of genotype 1E and 312 strains of genotype 2B. National MRL and 32 provincial MRL all passed the World Health Organization's functional examination in 2015. Conclusion the MRLN of China in 2015 is working well, which confirms that the epidemic of local measles genotype H1 is still circulating, which provides a good laboratory network support for the elimination of measles in China.
【作者单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所国家卫生和计划生育委员会医学病毒学和病毒病重点实验室世界卫生组织西太平洋区麻疹参比实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金课题(项目号81371791) 麻疹疾控专项经费(2015年) 行使WHO西太区地区麻疹风疹参比实验室职能(CHN-15-EPI-002033)
【分类号】：R511

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