中国草地资源的现状分析

发布时间：2018-01-05 02:11

本文关键词：中国草地资源的现状分析　出处：《科学通报》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中国草地面积广阔,自然资源丰富,准确评估草地资源既是合理开发和利用草地的基础,也对生态环境的保护具有重要意义.但是,关于中国草地面积、生产力和承载力等本底数据至今为止尚没有系统的梳理.本文收集、整理了过去几十年来我国草地资源研究的各类数据,并利用1982~2011年的遥感影像(NOAA/AVHRR-NDVI)和气候数据重新估算了我国天然草地生物量和生产力及其近30年的变化.由于草地的定义、数据来源和分析方法不同,现存资料对中国天然草地面积的估算差异很大,变动范围达2倍以上(1.67×10~6~4.31×10~6 km~2),这些资料也表明,我国目前的天然草地面积在2.80×10~6~3.93×10~6 km~2之间比较合适.草地生物量的估算值也存在显著差异,平均地上生物量在79~123 g m~(-2)之间,但本文对最近30年(1982~2011年)天然草地地上生物量的重新估算结果为178 g m~(-2),在此期间平均每年增加0.4 gm~(-2).我国天然草地平均净初级生产力的估算差异更大,为89~320 g Cm~(-2)a~(-1)(平均176 g Cm~(-2) a~(-1)),但许多研究都发现近年来有增加趋势.而基于过去30年平均气候估算,我国天然草地的潜在生产力可高达348 gCm~(-2) a~(-1).另一方面,我国人工草地面积比较小,约为2.09×10~7 hm~2,但生产力高,可达天然草地的2.7~12.1倍.由于我国对天然草地缺乏有效管理,加上人工草地的比例低,目前我国草地对放牧家畜的承载力比较低,很多地方的超载现象较为严重,平均超载率估计为20%.此外,降水的不足始终是影响我国草地生物多样性、生物量和生产力的重要因素,进一步探讨气候变化和过度放牧等人为活动对我国草地资源的数量和质量的影响是十分必要的.
[Abstract]:China has a vast grassland area and rich natural resources. To evaluate grassland resources accurately is not only the basis of rational development and utilization of grassland, but also important to the protection of ecological environment. However, the grassland area in China is very important. The background data such as productivity and carrying capacity have not been systematically combed up to now. This paper collects and collates all kinds of data of grassland resources research in China in the past several decades. And using NOAA / AVHRR-NDVI images from 1982 to 2011. And climate data reestimated the biomass and productivity of natural grassland in China and its changes in the past 30 years. The data sources and analysis methods are different, the estimation of natural grassland area in China is very different, the range of variation is more than 1.67 脳 10 ~ (10) ~ 64.31 脳 10 ~ (6) km ~ (2). These data also show that the current natural grassland area in China is suitable between 2.80 脳 10 ~ (6) ~ 6 ~ (6) ~ (3.93) 脳 10 ~ (6) km~2, and there is also a significant difference in the estimation of grassland biomass. The average aboveground biomass was between 79 ~ 123g / m ~ (-2). However, the reestimate of aboveground biomass of natural grassland in the last 30 years (1982-#date0#) was 178g / m ~ (-2). During this period, the average annual increase of 0.4 GMT-2% is higher. The estimation of average net primary productivity (NPP) of natural grassland in China is even greater. The results were as follows: (1) ~ (89) C ~ (m) ~ (2) C ~ (2) C ~ (1) (an average of 176 g ~ (2) C ~ (m-1)). But many studies have found an upward trend in recent years, based on estimates of the average climate over the past 30 years. The potential productivity of natural grassland in China can be as high as 348 g / cm ~ (-2) a ~ (-1) ~ (-1). On the other hand, the area of artificial grassland in China is relatively small, which is about 2.09 脳 10 ~ (7) hm~2. However, the productivity of grassland is high, which can reach 2.7% 12.1 times of that of natural grassland. Due to the lack of effective management of natural grassland in China and the low proportion of artificial grassland, the carrying capacity of grassland to grazing livestock is relatively low in our country at present. In many places, the phenomenon of overloading is serious, the average overload rate is estimated to be 20. In addition, the shortage of precipitation has always been an important factor affecting the biodiversity, biomass and productivity of grassland in China. It is necessary to further explore the effects of climate change and overgrazing on the quantity and quality of grassland resources in China.
【作者单位】：中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室;
【基金】：中国科学院重点部署项目(KSZD-EW-Z-012);中国科学院学部咨询评议项目(2011-4-13-1) 国家自然科学基金(31330012)资助
【分类号】：S812
【正文快照】： “草地”并没有一个明确统一的定义.植物生态不论依据哪种定义,草地都是一种分布辽阔的学或植物地理学的草地通常指以草本植物占优势的陆地生态系统类型.联合国粮食及农业组织(Food植物群落[1,2],可包括草原、草甸、草本沼泽、草本冻and Agriculture Organization of the Unit

【相似文献】