壳聚糖对蛋种鸡营养物质代谢及肠道相关指标的影响

发布时间：2018-01-05 04:33

本文关键词：壳聚糖对蛋种鸡营养物质代谢及肠道相关指标的影响　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究日粮中不同壳聚糖添加水平对蛋种鸡营养物质代谢、消化酶活性、小肠粘膜形态和盲肠微生物的影响。试验选择450只健康无病、体重和产蛋率相近的海兰褐壳蛋鸡,随机分成5个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。5个日粮处理分别是基础日粮和在基础日粮中添加250、500、1000、2000mg/kg的壳聚糖。预试期为7天,正试期共56天。各处理组的试验鸡在试验期间自由采食、自由饮水,除日粮不同外,其余条件均保持一致。鸡舍按期清理消毒,按规定程序进行免疫。试验结果表明：(1)随着日粮中壳聚糖添加水平的增加,在试验期56 d时,蛋种鸡干物质(DM)(P=0.032)、粗蛋白(CP)(P=0.001)、钙(Ca)(P0.001)、磷(P)(P=0.027)表观代谢率均呈二次曲线增加；而粗脂肪(EE)表观代谢率呈显著二次曲线(P=0.050)降低。(2)随着日粮中壳聚糖添加水平的增加,试验期28 d时十二指肠胰蛋白酶活性呈显著的二次曲线增加(P=0.019),空肠脂肪酶活性呈极显著二次曲线降低(P=0.008)；56 d时,十二指肠胰蛋白酶(P=0.059)、空肠糜蛋白酶(P=0.009)呈极显著二次曲线上升：空肠脂肪酶活性呈显著的一次线性(P=0.021)和极显著二次曲线(P=0.001)降低,回肠脂肪酶活性呈二次曲线(P=0.007)降低,淀粉酶没有显著剂量效应。(3)随着壳聚糖添加水平的增加,十二指肠绒毛高度在28 d(P=0.009)和56 d(P=0.021)均呈现二次曲线增加；在试验28d时,回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(VH/CD)呈一次线性(P=0.0323)增加；56 d时,十二指肠(P=0.003)、空肠(P=0.012)绒毛高度/隐窝深度(VH/CD)呈显著二次曲线升高；但对隐窝深度无显著的剂量效应。(4)随着壳聚糖添加水平的增加,56d时盲肠内乳酸菌数量呈显著二次(P=0.035)增加；试验期28d时,盲肠内的大肠杆菌数量呈一次线性(P=0.036)和二次曲线(P=0.047)降低；试验期28d和56d时,盲肠内乳酸菌/大肠杆菌均呈二次(P=0.035,P=0.002)显著增加。综合本试验结果可以得出,在蛋种鸡日粮中添加壳聚糖可以提高肠道胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶酶活性,增加营养物质的表观代谢率,降低脂肪酶活性,抑制脂肪消化代谢；改善肠粘膜形态,保障微生态平衡,这可能是影响蛋种鸡产蛋性能的重要原因。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on nutrient metabolism, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal mucosal morphology and cecal microorganism in egg breeding chickens. 450 healthy and disease-free chickens were selected. Hailan brown shell laying hens with similar body weight and egg production rate were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups with 6 replicates per treatment and 15 hens per replica. The five diets were basal diets and added 250 to the basal diets. The pretest period was 7 days and the trial period was 56 days. The chickens of each treatment group were fed freely and drank freely except for different diets. The other conditions were the same. The chicken house was cleaned and disinfected according to the prescribed procedure. The results showed that: 1) with the increase of chitosan supplementation level in the diet, the test period was 56 days. Dry matter (DMN), crude protein (CPP) (P (0.001), calcium (Cam) (P) 0.001). The apparent metabolic rate was increased by conic curve. However, the apparent metabolic rate of crude fat EEs decreased with the increase of dietary chitosan supplementation level (P 0.050). At 28 days, the activity of trypsin in duodenum showed a significant increase in P0.019, and the activity of lipase in jejunum decreased significantly in P0. 008. At 56 days, the duodenal trypsin was 0.059). The activity of lipase in jejunum showed a significant linear curve (P0. 021) and a very significant quadratic curve (P0. 001). The activity of lipase in ileum decreased with the increase of chitosan addition level, but there was no significant dose effect of amylase. The height of duodenal villi increased with conic curve at 28 d (P 0. 009) and 56 d (P 0. 021). On the 28th day, the villus height / crypt depth of VH / CD was increased in a linear way (P = 0.0323). At 56 days, the height of villi / depth of crypt (VH / CD) increased significantly. However, there was no significant dose effect on the depth of crypt. 4) the number of lactic acid bacteria in cecum increased significantly with the increase of chitosan addition level for 56 days. The number of Escherichia coli in the caecum decreased at 28 days (P 0.036) and Quadric curve (P0. 047). The lactic acid bacteria / Escherichia coli in cecum increased significantly at 28 and 56 days. Adding chitosan to the diet of laying chicken could increase the activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin, increase the apparent metabolic rate of nutrients, decrease the activity of lipase and inhibit the metabolism of fat digestion. The improvement of intestinal mucosal morphology and the protection of microecological balance may be the important factors affecting the laying performance of egg-breeding chickens.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S831.5

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