猪饲料中非淀粉多糖组分的测定方法及其对能量消化率的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 16:15

本文关键词： 猪非淀粉多糖小麦组分分析纤维类型消化率　出处：《中国农业科学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文首先对乙酸酐衍生化气相色谱法测定饲料中非淀粉多糖(non-starch polysaccharides,NSP)含量时适宜的称样量以及方法的变异性进行研究,利用该方法测定小麦、小麦麸及次粉中NSP含量,分析小麦及其副产品中NSP含量与常规养分含量之间的相关性,并研究不同类型纤维对猪饲粮碳水化合物多糖组分和能量消化率的影响,为完善饲料NSP组分数据库和揭示饲粮NSP组分的消化规律以及NSP对能量消化率的影响提供参考。第一部分对乙酸酐衍生化气相色谱法测定饲料中NSP含量时适宜的称样量及方法的变异性进行研究。本试验采用单因素完全随机设计,选取7个参比日粮纤维(reference dietary fiber,RDF)的称样水平(0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25、0.30、0.40和0.50 g),每个水平设3个重复,分别测定NSP含量;然后在适宜称样量范围内,分析方法的变异性,设两个批次,每个批次3个重复;并分析测定玉米等9种饲料原料中NSP含量,以验证方法的变异性。结果表明:1)0.10、0.15、0.20和0.25 g所测得总NSP(total NSP,TNSP)含量无显著差异(P0.05),但显著高于0.30、0.40和0.50 g称样水平(P0.05)。2)两个批次中各单糖、糖醛酸和总量均无显著差异(P0.05)。可溶性NSP(soluble NSP,SNSP)、不可溶性NSP(insoluble NSP,INSP)和TNSP的批内、批间及总变异系数分别低于11.57%、3.19%和3.01%。3)9种饲料原料中INSP含量均高于SNSP含量,且主要组成单糖为阿拉伯糖、木糖和葡萄糖。本试验条件下乙酸酐衍生化气相色谱法所称取样品中TNSP含量在22-55 mg(0.10 g和0.25 g RDF中含量)范围内是适宜的,测定的TNSP含量的变异性可控制在3.01%以内。第二部分利用第一部分方法分析测定不同品种小麦、小麦麸及次粉中NSP组分的含量,并分析淀粉和常规养分的含量,以及各养分含量之间的相关性。结果表明:1)小麦、小麦次粉中主要成分为淀粉,而小麦麸中NSP含量最高;小麦麸中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪及粗灰分含量均高于小麦和小麦次粉;三种饲料原料NSP中INSP含量均高于SNSP含量,且阿拉伯木聚糖(arabinoxylans,AX)含量最高,纤维素次之。2)不同品种小麦、小麦麸及次粉中各养分含量的变异系数范围分别为4.31%-32.04%、5.59%-21.89%、4.00%-25.91,其中可溶性AX(soluble AX,SAX)的变异性最大;且淀粉与NSP均呈负相关,而NSP各组分与TNSP、纤维素与AX均分别呈正相关,但仅小麦次粉中粗灰分与NSP组分呈显著正相关;AX含量越高,其分支程度越低。第三部分研究单一来源纤维类型对猪饲粮碳水化合物多糖组分及能量消化率的影响。本试验选取6头荷术猪,采用有重复的3×3拉丁方设计,设3个处理组,处理分别为对照组(玉米—豆粕基础饲粮)、菊粉组(5%菊粉替代部分玉米-豆粕)和CMC组(5%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)替代部分玉米-豆粕),分别测定饲粮碳水化合物多糖组分和能量的表观回肠消化率(apparent ileal digestibility,AID)和表观全消化道消化率(apparent total tract digestibility,ATTD),以及粪和食糜中挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acids,VFA)的浓度。结果表明:1)菊粉组总能及碳水化合物多糖组分(除纤维素和β-葡聚糖)的AID显著低于对照组和CMC组(P0.05),CMC组β-葡聚糖的AID显著高于其他两组(P=0.01)。2)CMC组总碳水化合物、NSP各组分(除SAX、不可溶性AX和β-葡聚糖)和总能的ATTD及粪中VFA浓度显著低于菊粉组和对照组(P0.05)。3)菊粉组TNSP、INSP和总能的大肠发酵率(hindgut fermentation,HF)显著高于对照组和CMC组(P0.05),而CMC组SNSP、β-葡聚糖和纤维素的HF显著低于其他两组(P0.05)。4)碳水化合物多糖组分的ATTD与能量的ATTD,以及碳水化合物多糖组分的HF与能量的HF均存在很强的线性关系(P0.01)。5)NSP各组分的HF与粪中VFA的浓度呈显著正相关(P0.05)。由此可见,菊粉能够减少饲粮养分在前肠的消化,但可增加后肠的发酵;CMC能够降低饲粮养分在后肠的发酵,进而影响养分在全消化道的消化;不同NSP组分经大肠发酵产生的VFA的类型不同。日粮纤维类型能够影响饲料养分的消化位点和消化程度,进而影响饲粮能量的消化利用。
[Abstract]:Determination of non starch polysaccharide in feed firstly acetic anhydride Derivatization Gas Chromatography (non-starch polysaccharides NSP) said the study content for variability in sample volume and method, determination of Wheat by using this method, the NSP content of wheat bran and wheat, analyzing the correlation between the content of NSP in wheat and its by-products with conventional nutrient content, and different types of fiber and energy digestibility of dietary carbohydrate pig polysaccharide group, in order to improve the feed NSP component database and reveal the dietary components of NSP and NSP provide digestive regularity effects on energy digestibility. The first part conducts the research on the variation of acetic anhydride Derivatization Gas chromatographic determination of NSP content in feed when appropriate amount of sample and method. The test uses a single factor completely randomized design, selected 7 reference dietary fiber (reference dietary fi BER, RDF) of the sample level (0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30,0.40 and 0.50 g), each level with 3 repetitions, the content of NSP were determined; then in the appropriate amount of sample range, variability analysis method, set up in two batches, each batch of 3 replicates; and determination of corn and other 9 kinds of feed raw materials in NSP in order to verify the content, variability of the method. The results show that: 1) 0.10,0.15,0.20 and 0.25 g measured total NSP (total NSP TNSP) there was no significant difference between the content (P0.05), but was significantly higher than that of 0.30,0.40 and 0.50 g sample level (P0.05).2) two batches of each monosaccharide, there was no significant difference in sugar uronic acid and total soluble NSP (P0.05). (soluble NSP, SNSP NSP (insoluble), soluble NSP, INSP and TNSP) in batch, between batch and total coefficient of variation were less than 11.57%, 3.19% and 9 3.01%.3) INSP content in feed were higher than SNSP content, and the main monosaccharide composition of Arabia sugar, xylose Glucose and acetic anhydride. The Derivatization Gas chromatography under the conditions of this experiment, the call of TNSP content in the sample in 22-55 Mg (0.10 g and 0.25 g in RDF) within the range of variability is appropriate, the determination of TNSP can be controlled within 3.01%. The second part of the first part determination method of different wheat varieties analysis of NSP fractions of wheat bran and wheat, and analyze the content of starch and conventional nutrient, and the correlation between the contents of nutrients. The results showed that: 1) the main component of wheat, wheat flour is starch, while the highest NSP content in wheat bran; wheat bran crude protein, crude fat and crude the ash content was higher than that of wheat and wheat flour; three kinds of INSP content in NSP feed was higher than the content of SNSP, and Arabia xylan (arabinoxylans, AX) was the highest, followed by.2 cellulose) of different wheat varieties, the nutrient content of wheat bran and wheat middling The variation coefficient range were 4.31%-32.04%, 5.59%-21.89%, 4.00%-25.91, soluble AX (soluble AX SAX) the variation of the maximum; and the starch and NSP were negatively correlated, while the components of NSP and TNSP, and AX were positively correlated with cellulose, but only Wheat Middlings crude ash and NSP was significantly positive related; the content of AX is higher, the lower the degree of the branch. The third part studies the single source of fiber type and energy digestibility of dietary carbohydrate pig polysaccharide group. This study selected 6 patients with head bearing pigs, 3 x 3 Latin square design repeat, 3 treatment groups, respectively the control group (corn soybean meal diet), inulin group (5% inulin partial replacement of corn soybean meal) and CMC group (5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) partial replacement of corn soybean meal), respectively for the basal carbohydrate polysaccharide component of energy and the apparent ileal digestibility (appare NT ileal digestibility, AID) and apparent digestibility (apparent total tract digestibility, ATTD), and volatile fatty acids in feces and digesta (volatile fatty, acids, VFA) concentration. The results showed that: 1) the total energy and carbohydrate group of inulin polysaccharide fractions (except cellulose and beta glucan). AID was significantly lower than the control group and CMC group (P0.05), group CMC beta glucan AID was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (P=0.01).2) CMC group total carbohydrate, NSP components (except SAX, AX and insoluble glucan) concentration of ATTD and VFA in feces and always significantly lower than that of inulin group and control group.3 (P0.05)) inulin group TNSP, INSP and E. fermentation rate always (hindgut fermentation, HF) was significantly higher than that of control group and CMC group (P0.05), and CMC group SNSP, beta glucan and cellulose HF was significantly lower than the other two groups (P0.05).4) carbohydrate component of polysaccharide and ATTD energy ATTD, there was a strong linear relationship and HF energy and carbohydrate composition of polysaccharide HF (P0.01).5) was positively related to the concentration of HF and NSP in fecal components of VFA (P0.05). Thus, inulin can reduce dietary nutrients in foregut digestion, but can be increased after intestinal fermentation; CMC can reduce dietary nutrients in the hindgut fermentation, thereby affecting the nutrient in the whole digestive tract digestion; different types of NSP components produced by fermentation in the large intestine of VFA. Dietary fiber type can affect the digestibility of dietary nutrients and digestive sites, thereby affecting the digestion and utilization of dietary energy.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816.17

【参考文献】