肉鸡饲用微生物除臭剂的研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 04:22

本文关键词： 肉鸡微生物型除臭剂饲料添加剂 NH3 H2S 枯草芽胞杆菌　出处：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的发展,畜牧养殖业也始终保持在较快的发展水平,但畜牧养殖业所带来的环境污染也与日俱增。鸡舍内的氨气、硫化氢等不良气体不仅会危害畜牧养殖工作人员的身体健康;还会增加肉鸡的患病几率,影响疫苗的免疫应答,对肉鸡的生长发育和机体健康产生威胁。世界各国针对畜禽污染现状都各自采取了相应的措施。国内外畜禽除臭剂主要有体外除臭剂和体内调节剂两大类。体外除臭剂根据作用方式的不同分为物理型除臭剂、化学性除臭剂、生物型除臭剂等三类。体内调节剂根据来源类型的不同可以分为酶类除臭剂、植物型除臭剂和微生物型除臭剂。生物型除臭剂,通常以饲用微生物的形式额外添加至饲料中,它可以将动物体内产生的氨气、硫化氢、甲烷等有害气体吸收,使排泄物中的有害成分降低,减少臭气的产生,降低饲料浪费情况,显著提高动物的机体健康水平,增强动物的生产性能。因此,微生态制剂类除臭剂的使用是从源头和根本上来解决动物养殖过程中有害气体的排放,并在减少排放的同时,提高养殖效益。本文以国家允许饲喂的微生物为研究对象,人工模拟肉鸡胃肠道环境初筛出具有良好肉鸡消化道耐受性的微生物菌株:酿酒酵母、产朊假丝酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌、凝结芽孢杆菌;筛选出能够有效利用NH3的菌株:酿酒酵母、产朊假丝酵母、粪肠球菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉、米曲霉、米曲霉X、康宁木霉、绿色木霉。以菌株具有高产蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶的能力为复筛条件,筛选得到的5种菌株:产朊假丝酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌、凝结芽孢杆菌。并将它们用于进行饲养试验,环境监测实验,检测饲喂后粪便中大肠杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸菌的数量与饲喂前相比是否有变化。添加微生物前后分别检测粪便中NH3、H2S。得到单菌和双菌组合中能够有效降低氨气排放量的是枯草芽孢杆菌去除率达到61.7%。其次是产朊假丝酵母去除率达到56.6%,再次为产朊假丝酵母与凝结芽孢杆菌双菌组合,去除率达到38.7%。在降低H2S含量方面,肠粪球菌效果较好,去除率达到27.0%,其次是枯草芽孢杆菌,去除率为24.3%,而产朊假丝酵母去除率为18.9%。测定粪便中粗蛋白含量后得到肠粪球菌的粗蛋白含量为11.89g,双菌组合产朊假丝酵母与凝结芽孢杆菌的粗蛋白含量为11.80g,饲料消化率最高。
[Abstract]:With the economic development of our country, the livestock breeding industry has always maintained a relatively fast development level, but the environmental pollution caused by the livestock breeding industry is also increasing day by day. Hydrogen sulfide and other harmful gases will not only endanger the health of livestock and breeding staff; It also increases the risk of broiler disease and affects the immune response of the vaccine. All countries in the world have taken corresponding measures in view of the present situation of livestock and poultry pollution. There are two kinds of deodorant in domestic and international livestock and poultry deodorant: in vitro deodorant and in vivo deodorant. Deodorant is divided into physical deodorant according to the different way of action. Chemical deodorant, biological deodorant and so on. According to the source type, the regulator can be divided into enzymatic deodorant, plant deodorant and microbial deodorant, biological deodorant. It can absorb the harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane and so on, so that the harmful components in excreta can be reduced and the formation of odor can be reduced. Reduce the waste of feed, significantly improve the health of animals, enhance the performance of animals. The use of microecological deodorants is to solve the emission of harmful gases in animal breeding process from the source and fundamental, and at the same time reduce emissions. In order to improve the efficiency of breeding, the microbes allowed by the state as the research object, artificial simulation of the gastrointestinal tract environment of broilers to screen out a good tolerance of the digestive tract microbial strain: Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Candida prion Bacillus subtilis Bacillus licheniformis Enterococcus faecalis Bacillus coagulans; The strains that can effectively utilize NH3: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae. Trichoderma kangning, Trichoderma viridis. With the ability of producing protease, amylase and cellulase as screening conditions, five strains were screened: Candida prion, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus coagulans, and they are used in feeding experiments, environmental monitoring experiments, the detection of fecal Escherichia coli after feeding. The number of bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria was different from that before feeding. NH3 in feces was detected before and after microorganism addition. The removal rate of Bacillus subtilis and Candida prion was 61.7 and 56.6% respectively. The third is the combination of Candida prion and Bacillus coagulans, the removal rate is 38.7. In reducing the content of H _ 2S, Enterococcus faecalis has a better effect, the removal rate is up to 27.0%. The next was Bacillus subtilis, the removal rate was 24.3g, and the removal rate of Candida prion was 18.9.The crude protein content of Enterococcus faecalis was 11.89g after determining the crude protein content in feces. The crude protein content of Candida prion and Bacillus coagulans was 11.80 g, and the feed digestibility was the highest.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816.7

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