血像分析在犬获得性溶血性贫血诊断中的应用

发布时间：2018-01-26 14:27

本文关键词： 血像分析获得性溶血性贫血诊断应用　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：犬获得性溶血性贫血主要是由于单核巨噬细胞系统破坏红细胞或抗体-补体复合物、药物、纤维蛋白或毒素溶解红细胞引起的。犬获得性溶血性贫血的发病率在逐年升高，死亡率也随之增高，该病的诊疗水平受到宠物主人高度的关注。然而，犬获得性溶血性贫血病因复杂、症状相似、鉴别诊断困难，所以为了给病犬提供更好地治疗时间，这就需要临床兽医对犬获得性溶血性贫血病因能够作出快速、有效地鉴别诊断。除血常规外，诊断贫血病因的首选检查项目就是血涂片检查。因此，应用血像对犬获得性溶血性贫血病例进行分析并对病因进行鉴别诊断具有重要的意义，可以为临床兽医诊断和治疗犬获得性溶血性贫血提供理论依据和指导意义。首先，本课题回顾性分析了162例获得性溶血性贫血病犬的临床资料，分析犬获得性溶血性贫血的发病原因、临床表现、血常规参数变化和血细胞形态学特点，为临床兽医综合分析、鉴别诊断犬获得性溶血性贫血的病因提供依据。结果表明：本组获得性溶血性贫血病犬162例，年龄为4月龄~15岁；雌雄比例为1.22:1；氧化损伤引起的贫血占42.6%，免疫介导性溶血性贫血占32.10%，传染性溶血病占16.70%，微血管病性溶血性贫血占5.56%，低磷血症引起的贫血占3.04%;免疫介导性溶血性贫血、氧化损伤引起的贫血、低磷血症引起的贫血程度多为轻中度；传染性溶血病、微血管病性溶血性贫血程度多为中重度；传染性溶血病病犬易出现发热、咳嗽和肝脾肿大等临床症状。获得性溶血性贫血特有的异常红细胞为球形红细胞、裂红细胞、海因茨小体、血影细胞和偏心红细胞；免疫介导性溶血性贫血红细胞形态学特点为大量的球形红细胞和红细胞自体凝集；氧化损伤引起的溶血性贫血红细胞形态学特点为海因茨氏小体和偏心红细胞；微血管病性溶血性贫血红细胞形态学特点为裂红细胞；传染性溶血病的血涂片上可见有血巴尔通体、巴贝西虫和埃利希氏体等。其次，为了进一步探讨血像分析在犬获得性溶血性贫血诊断中应用的重要性，通过临床检查、血常规检查和血涂片检查等对6例典型的犬获得性溶血性贫血病例进行鉴别诊断。分析表明：血像变化可以对犬获得性溶血性贫血的病因进行鉴别诊断，，分别将这6个病例诊断为犬巴贝西虫病、犬吉氏巴贝西虫病、犬血巴尔通体病、免疫介导性溶血性贫血、海因茨小体性贫血和药物引起的氧化损伤性贫血。综上所述，犬获得性溶血性贫血病因复杂、容易误诊和漏诊，应用血像分析可以对犬获得性溶血贫血病因进行鉴别诊断，具有一定的临床应用价值。
[Abstract]:Dog acquired hemolytic anemia is mainly due to mononuclear macrophage system damage to red blood cells or antibody-complement complex, drugs. The incidence of acquired hemolytic anemia in dogs is increasing year by year and the mortality rate is also increasing. The diagnosis and treatment level of the disease is highly concerned by pet owners. The etiology of dog acquired hemolytic anemia is complex, the symptoms are similar, and the differential diagnosis is difficult, so in order to provide better treatment time for the sick dog, it is necessary for the clinical veterinarian to be able to make the rapid etiology of dog acquired hemolytic anemia. Effective differential diagnosis. In addition to blood routine, the first choice for the diagnosis of anemia is the blood smear. Therefore. It is of great significance to analyze the cases of dog acquired hemolytic anemia and to differentiate the etiology with blood image. It can provide theoretical basis and guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of dog acquired hemolytic anemia. Firstly, the clinical data of 162 dogs with acquired hemolytic anemia were analyzed retrospectively. The causes and clinical manifestations of acquired hemolytic anemia in dogs were analyzed. The changes of blood routine parameters and the morphological characteristics of hemocytes provide evidence for the differential diagnosis of acquired hemolytic anemia in dogs by comprehensive analysis of clinical veterinarians. The results showed that 162 cases of acquired hemolytic anemia dogs in this group. The age was 4 months old and 15 years old. The ratio of female to male is 1.22: 1; Anemia caused by oxidative injury accounted for 42.6%, immune mediated hemolytic anemia accounted for 32.100.Infectious hemolytic disease accounted for 16.70 and microvascular hemolytic anemia accounted for 5.56%. Anemia caused by hypophosphatemia accounted for 3.04%; The immune mediated hemolytic anemia, the anemia caused by oxidative injury and the anemia caused by hypophosphatemia were mostly mild and moderate. The degree of infectious hemolytic disease and microvascular hemolytic anemia was moderate and severe. Infectious hemolytic disease dogs are prone to fever cough and hepatosplenomegaly and other clinical symptoms. Acquired hemolytic anemia specific abnormal red blood cells are spherical red blood cells split red blood cells Heinz body. Blood shadow cells and eccentric red blood cells; The morphological characteristics of erythrocytes in immune-mediated hemolytic anemia were a large number of spherical erythrocytes and autologous agglutination of erythrocytes. The morphological characteristics of erythrocytes in hemolytic anemia caused by oxidative injury were Heinz's corpuscles and eccentric red blood cells. Erythrocyte morphology of microvascular hemolytic anemia was mitotic erythrocyte. The blood smears of infectious hemolytic disease can be seen on the blood Baltonella, Barbecile and Ehrlich body. Secondly, in order to further explore the importance of blood analysis in the diagnosis of dog acquired hemolytic anemia, through clinical examination. Six cases of canine acquired hemolytic anemia were differentiated by routine blood examination and blood smear examination. The analysis showed that the change of blood image could differentiate the etiology of dog acquired hemolytic anemia. The six cases were diagnosed as Barbectiasis canis Bartonella canis Bartonella disease immune mediated hemolytic anemia small Heinz anemia and oxidative damage anemia caused by drugs. To sum up, the etiology of dog acquired hemolytic anemia is complex, easy to be misdiagnosed and missed diagnosis, and the application of blood image analysis can differentiate the etiology of dog acquired hemolytic anemia, which has certain clinical application value.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S858.292

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