玛曲高寒草甸高原鼠兔种群数量对植被调控措施的响应

发布时间：2018-01-28 01:11

本文关键词： 高寒草甸草地退化植被调控高原鼠兔生境适合度　出处：《草业学报》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本研究通过在玛曲县退化高寒草甸草原实施不同草地改良措施后,对高原鼠兔发生生境的适合度进行调查分析,以期揭示当地高原鼠兔发生机理,并为有效开展高原鼠兔的生态防治提供理论依据和技术支撑。于2010年5月至2010年7月,对玛曲县退化高寒草甸草原进行围封、补播、施肥、划破等12种不同草地改良措施,通过堵洞盗洞法监测高原鼠兔种群密度,并结合样方法测定植被等生境因子,探讨玛曲退化高寒草甸草原高原鼠兔发生生境的适合度。研究结果表明:与采用改良措施前相比,不同改良措施下有效鼠洞密度均表现出差异显著性(P0.05)。所有草地改良措施均显著降低了有效鼠洞密度(P0.05),且补播措施显著优于其他措施(P0.05)。有效鼠洞密度与群落结构的相关性及逐步回归分析表明,有效鼠洞密度与草层高度呈显著的负相关(P0.05),因而在高寒草甸,植物群落草层高度是决定鼠群密度的重要因子,而禾草类高度是决定草层高度的重要因素。两年的植被定向调控试验表明,在该区不同草地改良措施均能有效降低有效鼠洞密度,而补播禾草和增施有机肥,增加植物群落中禾草的比例,进而提高整体草层高度,可显著降低有效鼠洞密度(P0.05)。因此提出"增加植物群落中禾草比例,治理高原鼠兔危害"的生物防治模式。
[Abstract]:After implementing different grassland improvement measures in degraded alpine meadow grassland in Maqu County, this study investigated and analyzed the habitat suitability of plateau pika in order to reveal the occurrence mechanism of local plateau pika. From May 2010 to July 2010, the degraded alpine meadow grassland in Maqu County was enclosed, planted and fertilized. The population density of plateau pika was monitored by hole plugging method, and habitat factors such as vegetation were determined by the method of cutting through 12 different grassland improvement measures. To study the habitat suitability of plateau pika in degraded alpine meadow grassland of Maqu. The results showed that it was better than that before the improvement. The effective rodent density showed significant difference under different improvement measures. All the grassland improvement measures significantly reduced the effective rodent density (P0.05). The correlation between the effective rodent density and the community structure and the stepwise regression analysis showed that the supplementary seeding measures were significantly better than other measures (P0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the density of the effective rodent and the height of the grass layer, so in the alpine meadow, the height of the grass layer of the plant community was an important factor to determine the density of the rodent population. And grass height is an important factor to determine the height of grass layer. Two years of vegetation directional control experiment showed that the different grassland improvement measures in this area can effectively reduce the effective rat hole density, while the supplementary seeding grass and adding organic fertilizer. Increasing the proportion of grasses in plant communities and thus raising the height of the whole grass layer can significantly reduce the effective density of rodents (P0.05). Therefore, it is proposed to increase the proportion of grasses in plant communities. The biological control mode of controlling harms of plateau rats and rabbits.
【作者单位】：草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室兰州大学草地农业科技学院;甘肃省玛曲县畜牧兽医局;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201203041) “长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT13019)” 国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD13B05) 国家自然科学基金(31201837,31172258)资助
【分类号】：S812.6
【正文快照】： 青藏高原东端的甘肃玛曲县,是黄河上游重要的径流汇集区和水源涵养地,其草地生产力高,生物多样性丰富,被誉为“亚洲第一牧场”[1-5]。然而,由于长期超载过牧,导致该区草地大面积退化,进而引起鼠害发生[6]。严重的鼠害使草地原生植被发生逆行演替,次生裸地不断扩大,形成大面积

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