北京鸭不同品系的生长发育和屠宰性能测定与分析

发布时间：2018-02-04 06:29

本文关键词： 北京鸭体重体尺屠宰性能指标选育生长发育　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：北京鸭是我国非常著名的肉用型品种,生长速度快、饲料转化效率高、肉质鲜美,抗病性强,在我国被广泛饲养。北京鸭Z系是由中国农业科学院北京畜牧所在传统北京鸭的基础上选育的新型品系,其各项生产性能指标表现非常突出。试验以新型北京鸭Z系和M系为研究对象,主要测定了Z系体重、体尺及屠宰性能指标,并对三个品系(Z5、Z7、Z8)不同指标进行分析比较。北京鸭M系是由中国农业科学院北京畜牧所选育的北京鸭新品系,其体型较小,被命名为小体型北京鸭,试验以小体型鸭M2系为研究对象,通过组建家系、收集种蛋、孵化、选留优良公母鸭、屠宰试验测定等环节,分别统计种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率、胸肌率、腿肌率、皮脂率、腹脂率等指标,这些基础性资料为北京鸭遗传资源保护,新品系选育提供了重要的参考及理论依据。Z型北京鸭体重、体尺及屠宰性能指标分析结果如下:⑴胸肌厚是北京鸭瘦肉型配套系选育的主要目标之一,Z5系父系胸肌厚与Z7、Z8父系均差异极显著(P0.01),其胸肌厚显著高于Z7和Z8;Z5系母系胸肌厚和Z8系母系差异不显著(P0.05)。⑵北京鸭3个品系瘦肉、脂肪含量测定结果显示:Z5、Z7、Z8三者腿肌率差异不显著(P0.05);Z5和Z8之间胸肌率差异极显著(P0.01)。⑶北京鸭3个品系屠宰性能指标测定结果显示:Z5系活体重、胴体重、骨架重、胸肌重、腿肌重、全净膛重共六项指标均高于Z7、Z8。⑷北京鸭3个品系体尺、屠宰性能指标测定值变异系数比较中,胸肌重、腿肌重、腹脂重、皮脂重、头重、胸肌厚变异系数皆较大,其中Z5系腹脂重变异系数超过30%。⑸北京鸭3个品系胸肌厚与胸肌重均呈中等强度相关水平,相关系数均在0.5以上。小体型北京鸭M2系各项生产性能指标测定结果如下:⑴组建75个父系家系,孵化种蛋2382枚,受精率73.33%,受精蛋孵化率78.51%,入孵蛋孵化率58.22%,健雏率99%。⑵留种母鸭8周龄平均体重1776g,平均胸宽9.61cm,平均龙骨长12.16cm,平均胸肌厚1.27cm;留种公鸭8周龄平均体重2125g,平均胸宽10.11cm,平均龙骨长13.00cm,平均胸肌厚1.41cm。⑶北京鸭M2系8周龄体重、体尺及屠宰性能指标测量结果如下:8周龄公鸭平均活体重2191g,母鸭1939g;8周龄公鸭平均胴体重1911g,母鸭1746g;公鸭骨架重790g,母鸭698 g;公鸭胸肌重175g,母鸭164g;公鸭腿肌重89g,母鸭79g;公鸭皮脂重395g,母鸭355g;公鸭腹肪重19g,母鸭25 g;公鸭全净膛重1613 g,母鸭1447g;公鸭胸肌率10.82%,母鸭11.29%;公鸭腿肌率11.02%,母鸭11.00%;公鸭胸肌厚1.3 cm,母鸭1.3cm;公鸭腹脂率1.49%,母鸭1.73%;公鸭皮脂率24.49%,母鸭24.49%;公鸭体斜长25.14cm,母鸭23.82cm;公鸭胸骨宽10.01cm,母鸭9.64cm;公鸭胸骨长12.86cm,母鸭12.20cm。结论:测定了北京鸭新选育品系Z5、Z7、Z8体重、体尺及屠宰性能各项指标值,为下一步选育工作的开展提供了重要参考。小体型北京鸭M2系的各项选育指标较选育初期有较大提高。传统北京鸭品种优良性状日益退化,亟待选育提高。
[Abstract]:A new type of Beijing duck , which was bred by Beijing livestock and animal husbandry in Beijing , was used as the research object in Beijing duck . The results showed that : ( 1 ) There was no significant difference between Z5 , Z7 and Z8 . The results showed that : 1 ) The thickness of the breast muscle was significantly higher than that of Z7 and Z8 . The results were as follows : ( 1 ) The average body weight of the male ducks in Beijing ducks was more than 30 % . The average body weight of the male ducks was 19.61 cm , the average keel length was 12.16cm , the average breast muscle thickness was 1.27cm , the average keel length was 13.00cm , the average breast muscle thickness was 1.27cm , the average breast width was 10.11cm , the average keel length was 13.00cm , the average breast muscle thickness was 1.41cm . Duck breast muscle rate 10.82 % , female duck 11.29 % , male duck leg muscle rate 11.02 % , female duck 11.00 % , female duck 1.73 % , female duck 1.3cm , male duck 24.49 % , female duck 1.73 % , female duck 23.82cm , male duck 24.49 % , female duck 9.64cm , male duck breast bone length 12.86cm , female duck 12.20 cm . Conclusion : The breeding index of male duck is 10.01cm , female duck 9.64cm , male duck breast bone length 12.86cm , female duck 12.20 cm . Conclusion : The quality traits of the traditional Beijing duck breed are more and more degraded , and it is urgent to breed and improve .

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S834

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