代乳料、犊牛料不同哺育方案对早期断奶公犊生长发育与能量、蛋白转化效率的影响

发布时间：2018-02-26 00:21

本文关键词： 代乳料犊牛全脂奶粉甘露寡糖 α-淀粉酶　出处：《贵州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：选择品种来源一致、平均出生时间1.83d的中国荷斯坦公犊36头,按出生时间和体重相一致的原则,随机分为9组,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,以代乳料中全脂奶粉、酶制剂(α-淀粉酶)、甘露寡糖以及代乳料与犊牛料采用不同哺育方案为试验因子。全脂奶粉、甘露寡糖、α-淀粉酶分别设为0.00%、12.5%、25.0%,0.10%、0.15%、0.20%,0.05%、0.10%、0.20%三个水平,哺育方案分别采用代乳料哺喂到7周龄+1周过渡料(7+1)、代乳料哺喂到5周龄+3周过渡料(5+3)、代乳哺喂到3周龄+5周过渡料(3+5)3个哺育方案,研究代乳料、犊牛料不同哺育方案下,代乳料中全脂奶粉、酶制剂(α-淀粉酶)、甘露寡糖对犊牛生长性能及能量、蛋白转化效率的影响,筛选出最佳优化方案,为中国荷斯坦母犊牛早期断奶人工培育及公犊牛的肉牛资源化利用提供参考。结果显示:代乳料、犊牛料不同哺育下优化因子组合0~1、1~2月龄分别为α-淀粉酶0.15%、全脂奶粉12.50%、甘露寡糖0.10%和7+1的哺育方案,0.15%甘露寡糖、0.10%α-淀粉酶、12.50%全脂奶粉和7+1的哺育方案可有效提高不同月龄阶段犊牛的日增重、能量和蛋白用于增重的转化效率。不同月龄阶段优化组合有一定的差异性,但不显著(P0.05),且4因子间的差异也不显著(P0.05)。表明代乳料中使用非乳源蛋白完全取代乳源蛋白是可行的,非乳源蛋白、酶制剂、微生态制剂促进了犊牛消化系统的发育,完善了其酶系系统,促使犊牛提早接触固体性饲料刺激瘤胃的提前发育,同时促使犊牛干物质采食量不断增加,并一定程度上抑制了有害微生物的定植,促进瘤胃微生物区系的建立,降低了腹泻率,增强了犊牛的消化吸收能力。
[Abstract]:Thirty-six Chinese Holstein bulls with the same origin and average birth time of 1.83 days were randomly divided into 9 groups according to the principle of consistent birth time and body weight. Enzyme preparation (伪 -amylase, mannose oligosaccharide, milk substitute and calf feed) were used as experimental factors. Whole milk powder, mannose oligosaccharide, 伪 -amylase were set at 0.000.1012.525.0 0.100.150.200.200.200.200.20%, respectively, at the three levels of 0.050.100.100.200.20%, respectively, in whole milk powder, mannose oligosaccharide and 伪 -amylase. Three feeding schemes were used respectively: milk substitute feeding to 7 weeks old 1 week transition feed, substitute milk feed feeding to 5 weeks old 3 weeks transition material 53, milk substitute feeding to 3 weeks old 5 weeks transition feed 35). The effects of milk powder, enzyme preparation (伪 -amylase) and mannose oligosaccharide on the growth performance, energy and protein conversion efficiency of calves were studied under different feeding schemes. The results provided a reference for the early weaning of Chinese Holstein calves and the utilization of male calves. Under different feeding conditions of calves, the optimum factors of 0 1 / 1 / 1 / 2 month old of 伪 -amylase, 12.50 whole milk powder, 0.10% and 7 / 1 mannose oligosaccharide 0.10% and 7 / 1 respectively can be effectively improved by 0.15% mannose oligosaccharide 0.10% 伪 -amylase 0.50% full-fat milk powder and 7.1 whole milk powder respectively. Daily gain of calves at different months of age, The conversion efficiency of energy and protein for weight gain was different in different months of age, but the difference between four factors was not significant. It was feasible to replace milk protein completely with non-milk protein in the milk of Ming Dynasty. The non-lactating protein, enzyme and microecological preparation promoted the development of digestive system, improved the enzyme system of calves, stimulated the early development of rumen by contact with solid feed, and increased the intake of dry matter in calves. To some extent, the colonization of harmful microorganisms was inhibited, the establishment of rumen microbial flora was promoted, the diarrhea rate was reduced, and the digestion and absorption capacity of calves was enhanced.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823

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