禽白血病病毒及鸡传染性贫血病病毒对禽流感疫苗免疫效果的影响

发布时间：2018-02-28 21:28

本文关键词： 禽白血病病毒鸡传染性贫血病病毒禽流感疫苗免疫效果影响　出处：《中国农业科学院》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高致病性禽流感(HPAI)是世界动物卫生组织(OIE)规定必须报告动物疫病,也是我国规定的一类烈性传染病,其暴发不仅给养禽业造成的巨大经济损失,还给人类公共卫生安全带来潜在威胁。世界上多个国家地区采取疫苗免疫和扑杀相结合的综合策略来防控HPAI,中国利用该方法防控HPAI取得了显著成效。然而,当前HPAI还时有发生,除病毒等发生变异因素外,还与诸多因素影响疫苗的免疫效果有关。本研究主要探讨禽白血病病毒(ALV)和鸡传染性贫血病病毒(CIAV)对禽流感(AI)疫苗的免疫抑制作用,为临床AI疫苗应用和分析免疫失败的原因提供参考依据。本研究选取黑龙江分离株ALV HLJR0901株和CIAV WDNE110501株,分别进行对AI灭活疫苗和禽流感-新城疫二联活疫苗的免疫效果影响评估。1日龄SPF鸡感染ALV或CIAV后,再按照正常免疫程序免疫禽流感疫苗,进行血清抗体监测、攻毒后发病和死亡情况及排毒测定、外周血淋巴细胞CD4+/CD8+值测定、外周血淋巴细胞增殖指数(SI)测定、细胞因子水平检测。同期设未感染ALV和CIAV的禽流感疫苗组,进行相应项目检测。结果显示,ALV和CIAV感染对体液免疫和疫苗的攻毒保护效果有显著影响。ALV和CIAV感染使AI疫苗免疫抗体明显下降且高峰期延后,而且这种免疫抑制作用持续存在,至免疫后63d仍存在显著差别(p0.05),未感染ALV的鸡免疫Re-8灭活疫苗在第28d达峰值8.7 log2,而感染ALV鸡在第35d达峰值5.4 log2;未感染ALV的鸡免疫rLH5-8疫苗后第35d达峰值3.9 log2,而感染ALV鸡在免疫后第42d达峰值1.8 log2。当免疫21 d攻毒AI强毒时,感染CIAV与不感染CIAV的灭活疫苗(Re-8)免疫鸡平均HI抗体分别为3.0log2和7.8log2;感染CIAV与不感染CIAV的新禽二联活疫苗(rLH5-8)免疫鸡平均HI抗体分别为1.2log2和2.7log2。ALV和CIAV感染显著降低AI疫苗抗强毒攻击的保护效果,且对新禽二联活疫苗免疫效果的抑制作用更为显著。感染ALV后,Re-8灭活疫苗免疫鸡存活率从100%降至90%,排毒率从0升至40%;ALV对rLH5-8活疫苗的免疫效果影响更大,使其抗死亡保护率从100%降为0;CIAV感染使灭活疫苗免疫鸡存活率从100%降至80%,排毒率从0升至40%;使新禽二联活疫苗免疫鸡存活率从100%降为0;排毒率从0升至100%(10/10)。细胞免疫检测结果显示,ALV和CIAV感染对细胞免疫反应有明显的抑制作用。ALV和CIAV感染后,使AI灭活疫苗(Re-8)和新禽二联活苗(rLH5-8)免疫后诱导的外周血CD4+/CD8+值和SI值显著下降,能显著上调IFN-γ和IL-2。本研究表明,ALV和CIAV感染均可显著降低AI灭活疫苗和活疫苗的免疫效果,而且对活疫苗的免疫效果影响更大,提示进行高致病性禽流感免疫防控时,需高度重视免疫抑制病的影响。
[Abstract]:HPAI (highly pathogenic Avian Influenza) is a kind of severe infectious disease that must be reported by the World Animal Health Organization (OIE). It is not only a huge economic loss caused by the poultry industry, but also a severe infectious disease prescribed by our country. There is also a potential threat to human public health and safety. Many countries in the world adopt a comprehensive strategy of vaccine immunization and culling to prevent and control HPAI. China has achieved remarkable results in preventing and controlling HPAI by using this method. However, the current HPAI still occurs from time to time. In addition to the mutational factors such as virus, it is also related to many factors affecting the immune response of the vaccine. This study was designed to investigate the immunosuppressive effect of avian leukemia virus (ALV) and chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) on avian influenza (AIV) vaccine. To provide reference for clinical application of AI vaccine and analysis of the causes of the failure of immunity, we selected ALV HLJR0901 strain and CIAV WDNE110501 strain from Heilongjiang province. The immune effects of inactivated AI vaccine and combined live vaccine of avian influenza and Newcastle disease were evaluated respectively. After 1-day-old SPF chickens were infected with ALV or CIAV, the avian influenza vaccine was immunized according to the normal immunization procedure, and the serum antibody was monitored. The incidence, death and detoxification, the CD4 / CD8 ratio of peripheral blood lymphocytes, the proliferation index of peripheral blood lymphocytes and cytokine levels were measured. The avian influenza vaccine group with no ALV and CIAV infection was set up at the same time. The results showed that the infection of ALV and CIAV had a significant effect on the protection of humoral immunity and vaccine against virus infection. ALV and CIAV infection significantly decreased the immune antibody of AI vaccine and delayed the peak period, and the immunosuppressive effect persisted. There was still a significant difference at 63 days after immunization. The inactivated Re-8 vaccine without ALV reached a peak value of 8.7 log2 on the 28th day, while the ALV vaccine reached a peak value of 5.4 log2 on the 35th day, and a peak value of 3.9 log2 on the 35th day after the inoculation of the rLH5-8 vaccine without ALV infection, and a peak value of 3.9 log2 on the 35th day after the inoculation with ALV. The chicken reached a peak value of 1.8 log2 on the 42nd day after immunization. The average HI antibody was 3.0 log2 and 7.8 log2 in chickens immunized with CIAV and re-8 without CIAV, respectively. The average HI antibody was 1.2 log2 and 2.7 log2.ALV and 2.7 log2.ALV and CIAV were significantly decreased in chickens immunized with CIAV and non-infected live avian vaccine rLH5-8, respectively, and the average HI antibody was 1.2log2 and 2.7log2.ALV and 2.7log2.ALV, respectively. Protective effects against highly toxic attacks, After infection with ALV, the survival rate of chickens immunized with re-8 inactivated vaccine decreased from 100% to 90, and the detoxification rate increased from 0 to 40. The survival rate of chickens immunized with inactivated vaccine decreased from 100% to 80, and the rate of detoxification increased from 0 to 40. The survival rate of chickens immunized with the new combined live vaccine decreased from 100% to 0; the rate of detoxification increased from 0 to 100%. The results showed that ALV and CIAV infection had obvious inhibitory effect on cellular immune response. After ALV and CIAV infection, The CD4 / CD8 and SI values of peripheral blood induced by inactivated AI vaccine Re-8) and new live bird vaccine rLH5-8) were significantly decreased, and IFN- 纬 and IL-2 were upregulated significantly. The results showed that both ALV and CIAV infection could significantly reduce the immune efficacy of inactivated AI vaccine and live vaccine. Moreover, the immune effect of live vaccine is more significant, which suggests that we should attach great importance to the influence of immunosuppressive disease in the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S858.31

【相似文献】