复方中药对肉用犊牛生长性能和免疫功能的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 00:03

本文关键词： 复方中药犊牛安全性评价生长性能免疫功能　出处：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中药是指在中(兽)医理论指导下,用于预防和治疗各种动物疾病的药物,主要来源于天然药及其加工品,包括植物药(全草、根、茎、叶、花、果)、动物药(骨、皮、内脏等)、矿物药以及部分化学和生物制品。中药具有不易产生耐药性、无残留、毒副作用小、功能全面等优点,兼有营养与药物的双重作用,引起了国内外畜牧业工作者的极大关注。本研究选取具有补益气血、健脾除湿等功效的中药为主药,以中兽医药理论为依据设计了三种复方中药,旨在探讨三种复方中药对肉用犊牛生长性能及免疫功能的影响,评估三种复方中药对肉用犊牛的保健促长效果,筛选出适宜于肉用犊牛健康养殖的复方中药,为其在肉牛生产中的推广应用提供科学依据。本文由两部分构成：1)复方中药的安全性评价选择昆明小鼠为研究对象,采用灌胃法,对复方中药Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ进行安全性评价。结果发现：急性毒性试验中试验小鼠未出现死亡现象,临床表现未发生异常变化；最大耐受量试验中小鼠未出现任何中毒迹象和死亡情况,外观特征、行为活动未出现异常,各脏器均正常；亚慢性毒性试验中小鼠全部存活,表观特征和主要脏器未发生异常变化,各组脏器石蜡切片未发现组织病理变化,此外,三种复方中药均能不同程度地增加小鼠体重,复方中药Ⅲ显著提高了小鼠脾脏系数和胸腺系数(P0.05)。试验表明：三种复方中药不仅在临床使用剂量上安全可靠,无毒副作用,还能增强食欲,促进生长,具有一定的免疫调节作用。2)犊牛饲喂试验选择4月龄左右、健康无病的“和×西×本”(日本和牛×西门塔尔牛×川南山地黄牛)三元杂交肉用断奶犊牛20头,采用单因素随机单位组设计方法,按“体重相近、年龄基本一致”的原则,分为对照组(不添加中草药)和3个试验组(试验组1、试验组2和试验组3,分别按日饲精料重的2%添加复方中药Ⅰ、复方中药Ⅱ和复方中药Ⅲ),共计4个处理组。试验预试期10 d,正试期60 d。分析测定了试验牛只的生长性能、血常规、血清免疫分子、抗氧化能力、发病率等指标,获得以下研究结果：(1)复方中药Ⅱ能显著提高平均干物质采食量(P0.05)；复方中药Ⅱ和复方中药Ⅲ能显著提高试验牛只的末重和平均日增重(P0.05),降低料重比(P0.05)；复方中药Ⅰ对犊牛的生产性能有一定的改善作用,但差异不显著(P0.05)。说明三种复方均能不同程度地促进犊牛生长发育、改善饲料利用率,保证犊牛饲喂时期营养物质的摄取,为其生长发育提供必要的前提条件。(2)复方中药Ⅱ和复方中药Ⅲ能显著提高犊牛血清中IgA和IgG含量(P0.05),复方中药I能显著提高IgG含量(P0.05),三种复方对犊牛血清中IgM水平的影响差异不显著(P0.05)；三种复方中药均能显著提高犊牛血清IL-10水平(P0.05),显著降低IL-8含量(P0.05),显著或极显著降低血清中IL-4的含量(P0.05或P0.01),复方中药Ⅱ和复方中药Ⅲ可显著提高犊牛血清中IL-2的含量(P0.05)；复方中药Ⅰ和复方中药Ⅱ能显著降低TNF-a含量(P0.05)。说明三种复方均能不同程度地促进免疫细胞对免疫球蛋白、白细胞介素等血清免疫分子的合成和分泌,通过对动物机体的整体调节,从而提高机体免疫系统功能,增强免疫力。(3)三种复方中药均能显著提高犊牛血清GSH-Px水平(P0.05)；复方中药Ⅰ和复方中药Ⅲ能显著提高血清中T-AOC和T-SOD含量(P0.05),复方中药Ⅱ可极显著提高T-AOC水平(P0.01)；三种复方中药能不同程度地降低犊牛血清中MDA的含量,其中复方中药Ⅱ、复方中药Ⅲ统计学比较差异显著(P0.05)。说明三种复方中药均能提高犊牛抗氧化能力,阻止机体抗氧化系统的破坏。(4)饲喂三种复方中药后,犊牛发病率分别降低了82.71%、75.88%和55.18%,说明三种复方中药对犊牛机体健康具有积极促进作用,对疾病具有一定的抵抗力和预防作用。综合以上研究结果：三个复方中药在使用中未见毒副作用,具有提高采食量、抗病促长、增强机体免疫力、提高抗氧化能力作用；其中复方中药Ⅲ的效果较好,可开发成肉用犊牛的绿色保健品。
[Abstract]:Chinese medicine refers to (the beast) in guiding medical theory, for the prevention and treatment of various animal diseases, mainly from natural medicine and its processed products, including plant medicine (whole plant, root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit), animal medicine (bone, skin, viscera), and mineral drugs the chemical and biological products. Chinese medicine is not easy to produce drug resistance, no residue, small side effects, the advantages of comprehensive functions, and has double functions of nutrition and medicine, has attracted great attention at home and abroad of animal husbandry workers. This study selected with Replenishing Qi and blood, invigorating the spleen dehumidification effect of drugs, according to the design three kinds of Chinese herbal compound in veterinary medicine theory, aims to explore the influence of three kinds of Chinese herbal compound on growth performance and immune function of meat calves, evaluation of three kinds of compound traditional Chinese medicine on the health promoting effect of beef calves, screening out the compound suitable for healthy breeding in beef calves The medicine, to provide a scientific basis for its application in beef cattle production. This paper consists of two parts: 1) safety evaluation of compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine Kunming mice as the research object, by gavage method, the compound Chinese medicine I, II, III for the safety evaluation. The results showed that the acute toxicity test in mice there was no death phenomenon, the clinical manifestation was no abnormal change; the maximum tolerance test in mice did not show any signs of poisoning and death, appearance, behavior does not appear abnormal, the organs are normal; subchronic toxicity test in mice survived, apparent characteristics and main organs without the occurrence of abnormal changes of each organ paraffin was not found pathological changes, in addition, three kinds of Chinese herbal compound can increase the body weight of mice, significantly improve the compound Chinese Medicine III spleen index and thymus index in mice (P0.05) test table. The three kinds of compound traditional Chinese medicine not only in clinical dosage is safe and reliable, non-toxic side effects, can increase appetite, promote growth, has a certain role in immune regulation.2) calves fed the test selection 4 month old, healthy "and * * the west" (Japanese cattle and Simmental cattle * * in Southern Sichuan mountain cattle) three yuan of crossbred weaned calves 20 head, the design method of single factor randomized block, according to the similar weight, age consistent "principle, divided into control group (not add herbs) and 3 experimental groups (experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and 3, respectively. The daily feeding concentrate the 2% addition of compound Chinese medicine of compound Chinese Medicine II and III), a total of 4 compound Chinese medicine treatment group. The test pilot period of 10 d, during the period of 60 D. were analyzed and determined the test cattle growth performance, blood, serum immune molecules, antioxidant capacity, the incidence rate and other indicators, for the following Results: (1) Chinese herbal compound II can significantly improve the average dry matter intake (P0.05); compound II and III compound traditional Chinese medicine can significantly improve the test cattle final weight and average daily gain (P0.05), lower feed conversion ratio (P0.05); production performance of calves of compound Chinese medicine can improve to some extent, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). Three kinds of compound can enhance calf growth, improve feed efficiency, guarantee period of calves fed the uptake of nutrients for the growth and development and provides necessary precondition. (2) compound II and III compound traditional Chinese medicine can significantly improve IgA and the content of IgG in calf serum (P0.05), compound I could significantly increase the content of IgG (P0.05), three kinds of compound effects on the level of IgM in calf serum had no significant difference (P0.05); three kinds of Chinese herbal compound can significantly raise the level of serum IL-10 (P0.05), was high in calves To reduce the content of IL-8 (P0.05), significantly reduce the levels of serum IL-4 (P0.05 or P0.01), compound II and III compound traditional Chinese medicine can significantly improve the content of IL-2 in calf serum (P0.05); Chinese herbal compound I and compound II could significantly reduce the content of TNF-a (P0.05) three compound. Can enhance the immune cells of immune globulin protein synthesis, interleukin and other serum immune molecules and secretion is regulated by the whole of the animal's body, so as to improve the function of the immune system, enhance immunity. (3) three kinds of Chinese herbal formula can significantly increase the level of serum GSH-Px in calves (P0.05); compound I and III compound traditional Chinese medicine can significantly improve T-AOC and T-SOD content in serum (P0.05), compound II could significantly increase the level of T-AOC (P0.01); three kinds of compound traditional Chinese medicine can reduce the content of MDA in serum of calves, the In the traditional Chinese medicine compound II, III was significant difference between the compound traditional Chinese medicine (P0.05). Three kinds of compound traditional Chinese medicine can improve the antioxidant capacity of calves, prevent the antioxidant system damage. (4) with three kinds of Chinese herbal compound, reduce the incidence rate of 82.71% calves respectively, 75.88% and 55.18%, indicating that three kinds of Chinese herbal compound has a positive effect on calf body health, resistance and prevention of diseases. The above research results: Three Chinese herbal compound in the use of no toxic side effects, can improve the intake resistance, promoting growth, enhance immunity, improve the antioxidant ability; the compound Chinese Medicine III effect is good, can be developed green health products of meat calves.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S853.7

【参考文献】