奶牛数字化管理的关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 00:22

本文关键词： 奶牛数字化管理在线乳成分分析反刍活动量奶牛定位　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：奶牛数字化管理的关键技术在于通过各种先进的电子设备采集奶牛的信息,再经计算机软件分析,得出与奶牛有关的各种数据,为奶牛饲养人员提供各种饲养建议。该系统主要由奶牛信息采集设备和奶牛信息分析软件组成。奶牛信息采集设备是实现奶牛数字化管理的关键技术,包括在线乳成分分析仪、奶牛反刍监测装置、奶牛活动量监测装置和奶牛定位装置四部分,这些采集设备将每头奶牛各种数据记录下来,然后通过数据链路上传到运行奶牛信息分析软件的计算机进行分析处理。在线乳成分分析仪是一种实时、快速、低成本的在线式牛奶成分分析仪器,是实现牛奶生产现代化的关键技术之一,对提高牛奶的品质有至关重要的作用。分析仪可以实时测量牛奶的蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖含量,并将测量到的数据实时传输到计算机系统,由专用的计算机软件判断原奶的品质,并控制电磁阀将不同品质的原奶送到不同的容器中,从而实现了原奶的分离功能。该仪器还可以用于检测每头奶牛的健康状况,简化奶牛的饲养管理。奶牛反刍监测与奶牛活动量监测主要用于检测奶牛的健康状态。奶牛的反刍节奏和时间与奶牛的健康状况有密切的关系,通过对反刍信号进行采集和分析,可以更精确的检测奶牛的生理活动,并及时发现反刍动物的健康问题。通过监控奶牛的活动量,可以发现发情的母牛,以便达到确定配种日期的目的。奶牛定位装置用于对牛场内带有识别装置的奶牛进行定位,并且显示在地图上,可以随时找到发情或者生病的奶牛,同时可以记录下奶牛的运动轨迹,作为奶牛活动量监测的依据。本论文共有以下创新点：(1)在线乳成分分析仪采用了先进的LED光源技术,不同于传统的光谱分析仪器,使用低成本的LED代替了昂贵的光学分光器件,大大降低了生产成本以及整机功耗,同时缩小了仪器的体积,加快了测量速度,可以做到每一个挤奶位置配置一台。(2)在线乳成分分析仪可以在线测量,测量过程不会污染样品,可以实现对单头奶牛的乳成分监测与不同品质牛奶的分离两个传统乳成分分析仪无法实现的功能。(3)在线乳成分分析仪采用了恒温技术,对光源部分进行了恒温处理,可以有效的抑制环境温度改变对测量结果的影响。(4)在线乳成分分析仪采用了300～1000nm的波段,不同于研究较多的的近红外(0.8～2.5μm)、中红外(2.5～25μm)牛奶成分分析方法,具有独创性。(5)反刍信息采集装置采用了压电陶瓷传感器,相对于驻极体麦克风大大降低了噪声,提高了整体的可靠性。(6)反刍信息采集装置采用了低功耗的电路设计,大大延长了电池使用时间,使用寿命内无需更换电池,使用更加方便。(7)反刍信息采集装置采用了防水、防尘、防碰撞设计,安装在奶牛颈部不易损坏,提高了可靠性,大大延长了使用寿命。(8)奶牛活动性监测装置采用了创新的传感器与分析算法,可以安装于奶牛的颈部,因此可以将奶牛活动性监测装置与反刍信息采集装置整合在一起,安装使用更加方便。(9)将定位技术应用于奶牛,并且在卫星地图上显示奶牛的位置,在国内外均属于首创。(10)采用基于ARM的嵌入式系统设计上位机,相对于PC平台上位机降低了生产成本。
[Abstract]:The key technology of the digital management of dairy cattle is through a variety of advanced electronic equipment acquisition of dairy information analysis by computer software, draw all kinds of data and dairy related, provide suggestions for feeding dairy personnel. The system consists of data acquisition and analysis software design and preparation. The cow cow information is the key to realize the information collection equipment technology of digital management of dairy cattle, dairy cows components including online analyzer, ruminant monitoring device, monitoring device of dairy cattle activity quantity and positioning device of four parts, the acquisition equipment per cow data record, and then through the data link to upload operation cow information analysis software of computer analysis and processing. The online analyzer is a component of milk a real-time, rapid, low cost online milk components analysis instrument, is to realize the modernization of the production of milk off One of the key technology, has a crucial role in improving the quality of the milk. The analyzer can be real-time measurement of milk protein, fat, lactose content, and the data real-time transmission to the computer system by a special computer software to determine the raw milk quality, and control the solenoid valve will be different to the different quality of raw milk the container, so as to realize the separation function of raw milk. The instrument can also be used for the detection of each cow's health status, feeding and management of dairy cows. Dairy ruminants simplify monitoring and cow activity monitoring is mainly used for the detection of cow health status. There is a close relationship between dairy ruminant rhythm and time and the health status of dairy cows by. The collection and analysis of ruminant signals, physiological activity can be detected more accurately the cows, and find the health problems of ruminant animal. By monitoring the cow activity, can Found estrous cow, in order to achieve the purpose of determining the breeding date. Cow positioning device used to identify the device with a cattle farm in dairy cows for positioning, and displayed on the map, you can always find the estrus or sick cows, and can record the trajectory of the cow, cow activity monitoring as the basis. This thesis consists of the following innovations: (1) milk components on-line analyzer using LED light source technology, different from the traditional spectrum analysis instrument, using low cost LED instead of expensive optical devices, greatly reduces the production cost and power consumption, and reduced the size of the instrument, the measurement time, can to configure each milking position one. (2) online milk analyzer component can be measured online, the measurement process does not pollute the sample, can realize the monitoring of milk components and single cow The separation of different quality milk features two traditional milk analyzer can not be achieved. (3) the milk composition analyzer thermostatic technology, the light source part of the temperature, the ambient temperature can inhibit the effective influence on the measurement results. (4) the composition of Milk Analyzer 300 ~ 1000nm band. Different from the study of near infrared (0.8 ~ 2.5 m), mid infrared (2.5 ~ 25 m) milk composition analysis method, has the originality. (5) the ruminant information acquisition device uses a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, the electret microphone can greatly reduce noise, improve the overall reliability. (6) the ruminant information device adopts the circuit design of low power consumption, greatly prolong the service life of the battery usage time, there is no need to replace the battery, more convenient to use. (7) the ruminant information acquisition device uses a waterproof, dustproof, anti collision design The installation damage in the neck, the cow is not easy, improves the reliability, greatly prolong the service life. (8) the cow activity monitoring device used in the sensor and analysis of innovative algorithms that can be installed on the cow's neck, so the cow activity monitoring device and information acquisition device of ruminant together, the installation and use of more convenient. (9) the positioning technology is applied to the cow, and the cow display position in the satellite map, both at home and abroad are first. (10) the design of the embedded system based on ARM, compared to the PC platform on the machine reduces the cost of production.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823;TP274

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