聊城市家禽养殖户禽流感防疫认知和水平的调查

发布时间：2018-03-02 05:08

本文关键词： 防疫认知水平家禽养殖户禽流感调查　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国一直以免疫接种、隔离消毒相结合的方法来控制禽流感,但免疫接种技术就目前的发展水平并不能够清除鸡群中的禽流感疫情,禽流感的防控关键取决于禽流感发生后是否能够迅速控制疫情。国内的家禽养殖户众多,想要采取步调一致地防疫政策非常困难,在这种情况下,取得养殖户支持便成为在国内防疫取得成功的关键所在。而获得养殖农户的支持,首先应该摸清养殖户的基本情况,掌握养殖户的养殖情况以及对禽流感防控政策意愿,这样在制定具体政策的时候,才能起到较好的效果。家禽养殖户是接触活禽最多的群体,禽流感疫情爆发后,家禽养殖人员是最容易受到感染的群体,首先通过调查这个群体的禽流感特点、禽流感防护以及防治方面的知识,然后才能采取有效措施提高他们的禽流感防预水平,这也是禽流感防控工作的重要工作之一。本研究实地走访聊城市中的六个县区的养殖户,通过聊城市家禽养殖户的走访,调查采用调查问卷调查、面对面访谈以及对养殖设施进行实地参观的方式,得到的主要结论如下:1.受访的家禽养殖户基本了解禽流感的基本症状,大部分家禽养殖户有基本的禽流感防控知识,但部分养殖户仍然不能正确区分典型的禽流感和普通流感症状,对禽流感的传播途径认识不足。2.受访养殖户的养殖设备普遍落后,缺少现代化的设备,如何引导当地农户完善养殖防疫设施,也是今后进行禽流感防控工作中需要重点关注的课题。3.多数家禽养殖场所布局不合理,养鸡场饲养环境污染严重;鸡场之间的消毒不规范,不统一;免疫程序不规范问题突出;当地防疫体系、疫情预警体系尚未建立,养殖户普遍没有建立起发现疫情立即报告的观念。4.大部分养殖户没有参加规范的家禽防疫培训,当地的专业兽医力量不足,当地有关部门在家禽疫病诊疗和防控上的投入不足;受访养殖户中只是极少数参加养殖保险;受访家禽养殖户对我国和当地政府的禽流感防治政策了解还不透彻,甚至有误解,需要进一步加强当地的禽流感防控政策的宣传。本文所做的调查,业内人士和相关部门工作人员可以作为工作中的参考。目的是希望能够得到养殖户和职能部门的重视,制定出合理的禽流感防控措施,避免养殖户和相关从业者蒙受经济损失。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country has been using the method of combining immunization with isolation and disinfection to control avian influenza, but the current level of development of immunization technology can not eliminate the avian influenza epidemic in chickens. The key to the prevention and control of avian influenza depends on whether it can be quickly controlled after the outbreak of avian influenza. There are so many poultry farmers in the country that it is very difficult to adopt a concerted policy to prevent the disease. Under such circumstances, Obtaining the support of farmers becomes the key to success in epidemic prevention in China. To obtain the support of farmers, we should first find out the basic situation of the farmers, grasp the breeding situation of the farmers and their willingness to prevent and control avian flu. In this way, when formulating specific policies, we can achieve better results. Poultry farmers are the most exposed to live poultry. After the outbreak of avian influenza, poultry farmers are the most vulnerable to infection. First of all, by investigating the bird flu characteristics of this group, the knowledge of bird flu prevention and control, and then we can take effective measures to improve their bird flu prevention and preparedness level. This is also one of the important tasks of bird flu prevention and control. In this study, we visited livestock farmers in six counties and districts in Liaocheng City. Through the visits of poultry farmers in Liaocheng City, the survey was conducted with a questionnaire survey. Face-to-face interviews and field visits to breeding facilities, the main conclusions are as follows: 1.The poultry farmers interviewed basically understand the basic symptoms of avian flu. Most poultry farmers have basic knowledge of bird flu prevention and control. However, some farmers are still unable to correctly distinguish the typical symptoms of avian flu from common influenza, and they do not have enough understanding of the transmission of avian influenza .2. the breeding equipment of the farmers surveyed is generally backward and lacks modern equipment. How to guide the local farmers to improve the breeding and epidemic prevention facilities is also a key issue to be paid attention to in the future avian flu prevention and control work. 3. The distribution of most poultry breeding places is unreasonable, and the environment pollution of chicken farms is serious; The disinfection between chicken farms is not standardized and unified; the problem of non-standard immunization procedures is prominent; the local epidemic prevention system and the epidemic warning system have not yet been established. Farmers generally did not establish the concept of reporting the epidemic situation immediately. Most farmers did not participate in the standardized poultry epidemic prevention training, the local professional veterinary force is insufficient, the local departments concerned in poultry disease diagnosis and treatment and prevention and control of insufficient investment; Only a very small number of the farmers surveyed participated in aquaculture insurance. The poultry farmers interviewed did not have a thorough understanding of the bird flu prevention policy of our country and the local government, or even misunderstandings. We need to further strengthen the publicity of the local bird flu prevention and control policy. The investigation done in this paper can be used as a reference in our work by insiders and staff of relevant departments. The purpose is to get the attention of breeders and functional departments. To formulate reasonable measures to prevent and control avian flu to avoid economic losses to farmers and related practitioners.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S855.3

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