山东省三种禽肿瘤性疾病流行病学调查

发布时间：2018-03-07 07:55

本文选题：禽白血病　切入点：马立克氏病　出处：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：禽白血病(Avian Leukosis,AL)、马立克氏病(Marek’s Disease,MD)、禽网状内皮组织增殖病(Reticuloendotheliosis,RE)三种肿瘤性疾病均由病毒感染机体后导致机体的多种脏器发生肿瘤性病变。禽白血病主要引起机体各种血细胞的癌变,马立克氏病主要引起以淋巴细胞增生为主的病变,网状内皮组织增殖病主要引起机体以矮小综合征、网状细胞增生、淋巴组织以及其他组织增生等多种表现形式的一种病理综合征,三种疾病均可传染。山东省作为我国的养殖大省,为了了解近3年以来山东省内能够引起禽三种肿瘤性疾病的四种病毒感染流行特点以及三种肿瘤性疾病各自发病特点,故采用ELISA、大体剖检、病理组织学观察、血液学分析、病毒分离、多重PCR等检测方法随机抽查了省内12个地级市的1家祖代鸡场、11家父母代鸡场、12家商品代养鸡场,品种包含了肉鸡、蛋鸡以及地方品种的肉用鸡,共采集了血清/棉拭子1274份,活鸡111只。针对AL的血清学检测发现AL在山东省内普遍存在,而且各种品种的鸡均有感染,主要以4种状态存在,比例分别为:(1)抗体阳性、抗原阴性(Ab+,Ag-):11.85%(151/1274),说明此类类鸡群体内含有有效循环抗体,抑制病毒生长繁殖,比较安全;(2)抗体阴性、抗原阳性(Ab-,Ag+):7.14%(91/1274),说明此类鸡群存在病毒血症,能够向体外排毒,对大群有水平传播病毒的威胁;(3)抗体阳性、抗原阳性(Ab+,Ag+):0.16%(2/1274),说明病毒在感染机体后发生变异,对鸡群有威胁,但变异率不高;(4)抗体阴性、抗原阴性(Ab-,Ag-):80.85%(1030/1274),说明此类鸡群没有感染过病毒,处于健康状态。通过对收集的111只活鸡的大体剖检以及临床观察发现,肿瘤携带鸡临床表现主要为精神沉郁、消瘦,排白色或者灰绿色稀粪,其肿瘤病变主要发生于肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、腺胃等脏器,偶见于肺脏、心脏,肝脏、脾脏病变主要以肿大增生或者有明显的肿瘤灶,腺胃主要病变为肿大增生,未见由ALV-J感染造成的血管瘤病变,通过大体剖检并与前几年的调查比较发现近3年病毒在感染机体之后,肿瘤谱没有发生较为明显的改变。对典型肿瘤携带病例组织脏器的病理组织学观察发现各组织脏器的肿瘤类型主要是淋巴细胞瘤、髓细胞瘤、成红细胞瘤。通过血液学检测,肿瘤携带鸡血液中白细胞数量会明显上升,感染ALV的个体淋巴细胞或者髓细胞数量明显上升,感染MDV的个体淋巴细胞数量会明显上升,因此,血液学检测可以作为肿瘤性疾病的早期诊断。多重PCR检测发现111只活鸡均有病毒感染,其中ALV-A的阳性率为14.4%(16/111)、ALV-J阳性率为38.7%(43/111)、REV阳性率为17.1%(19/111)、MDV的阳性率为49.5%(55/111),MDV的感染率明显上升。ALV-J与REV的双重感染率为6.3%(7/111),ALV-J与MDV的双重感染率为3.6%(4/111),没有三重或者四重感染。从储存典型病例的组织中共分离出5株ALV-J毒株,基因克隆测序之后,通过碱基及氨基酸序列比对发现5株病毒均与国内毒株NX0101有较近的进化关系,说明近3年省内ALV-J流行毒株变异不明显。
[Abstract]:Avian leukosis (Avian Leukosis AL), Marek's disease (Marek 's Disease, MD), Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Virus (Reticuloendotheliosis, RE) three kinds of neoplastic disorders are caused by virus infection leads to multiple organ body tumor lesions. Avian white blood disease causes canceration of the body of blood cells Marek's disease, mainly caused by the proliferation of lymphocytes in lesions of reticuloendotheliosis virus mainly cause the body to short stature syndrome, reticular cell hyperplasia, lymphoid tissue and other tissues such as a pathological type of syndrome, three kinds of diseases can be contagious. Shandong province is one of the biggest farming province of China, in order to understand the nearly 3 years since Shandong province can cause three avian tumor diseases four kinds of virus infection and epidemic characteristics of three kinds of tumor diseases in their disease characteristics, so the use of ELISA, gross anatomy, Histopathological observation, analysis, hematology, virus isolation, detection method of multiple PCR random sample of 1 ancestral farms in 12 cities, 11 parent farms, 12 commercial farms, including varieties of broilers, laying hens and broiler breeds, were collected for serum / cotton swab 1274 chicken, 111. Serological detection for AL found AL prevalent in Shandong Province, and various breeds of chickens were infected, mainly exists in 4 states, respectively: (1) antibody positive and negative antigen (Ab+, Ag-): 11.85% (151/1274), such kind of chicken body contains effective circulating antibodies, inhibiting virus growth and reproduction, relatively safe; (2) negative antibody antigen positive (Ab-, Ag+): 7.14% (91/1274), which shows that the chickens are viremia, to in vitro detoxification, on group level of the spread of the virus threat; (3) antibody, antigen positive (Ab+, Ag+): 0.16% (2/1274), that the virus mutates in infection, a threat to the chickens, but the variation rate is not high; (4) negative antibody antigen negative (Ab-, Ag-): 80.85% (1030/1274), which shows that the chickens did not infected with the virus, in a state of health. The gross anatomy of 111 chickens collected and clinical observation, the tumor carrying chicken major clinical manifestations of depression, emaciation, rows of white or gray green loose stool, the tumor occurred mainly in the liver, spleen, kidney, stomach and other organs, occasionally seen in the lungs, heart, liver, spleen disease mainly to the enlargement of tumor or hyperplasia obviously, glandular stomach lesions were mainly infected by ALV-J swelling hyperplasia, no hemangioma lesions caused by gross necropsy, and compared with the survey a few years ago discovered nearly 3 years after the infection of virus in the body, no obvious tumor spectrum of change. Typical tumor cases carry organs histopathological observation showed that the tumor tissue was the main type of lymphoma, myeloma, red cell tumors. Detection of tumor carrying through the blood, the number of white blood cells in chicken blood will be significantly increased, the number of individuals infected with ALV lymphocytes or myeloid cells increased significantly, the number of individuals infected with MDV lymphocytes will be increased significantly, therefore, the blood test can be used for the early diagnosis of neoplastic diseases. Multiple PCR detected 111 chickens were infected, of which the positive rate of ALV-A was 14.4% (16/111), the positive rate of ALV-J was 38.7% (43/111), the positive rate of REV was 17.1% (19/111), the positive rate for MDV 49.5% (55/111), MDV infection rate increased significantly.ALV-J and double infection rate of REV was 6.3% (7/111), ALV-J and MDV double infection rate was 3.6% (4/111), no three or four heavy infection from storage. A total of 5 ALV-J strains were isolated from the typical cases. After cloning and sequencing, the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence comparison showed that the 5 viruses had close evolutionary relationship with the domestic strain NX0101, indicating that the prevalence of ALV-J epidemic strains in the province in the past 3 years was not obvious.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S857.4

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