呼伦贝尔大针茅草原不同放牧方式下啮齿动物群落特征及优势种种群动态研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 15:44

本文选题：啮齿动物　切入点：群落多样性　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：啮齿动物因其分布范围广、对环境变化敏感以及研究采样方法简单等特点一直以来都是生态学家们的研究的热点对象之一。自然环境中的一些资源以及放牧和人类干扰对动物的生存起到限制性作用,限制性资源的分布与丰富度通常会影响动物对生境中定居点的选择。本研究地点位于内蒙古呼伦贝尔市新巴尔虎左旗大针茅草原,于2013-2016年每年的5月、7月、9月(春、夏、秋)在连续放牧、过度放牧、按月轮牧、季节轮牧4种不同放牧方式以及对照区禁牧方式下进行啮齿动物群落调查,应用标志重捕法对啮齿动物数量进行调查。统计种群数量、物种数并计算群落香农维纳指数、Simpson多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数等生态学指标,应用Spss19.0对其各生态学指数季节差异、不同放牧方式间差异以及物种间相关关系进行分析,结果表明:1.草原黄鼠(Citellusdahuricus)占比最大(46%)为该地区啮齿动物群落中主要优势鼠种,黑线仓鼠(Cricetulusbarabensis 以次之,而黑线毛足鼠(Phodopussungorus)在禁牧数量极少,草原黄鼠数量在季节波动中呈单峰型,在7月份(秋季)最高。2.在季节轮牧(6.33±1.86)和禁牧(5.67±1.76)处理下啮齿动物个体总数显著低于其他处理,而且在季节轮牧中辛普森指数(0.28±0.07)、均匀度指数(0.80±0.87)、丰富度指数(0.90±0.06)在季节轮牧处理在春季中较低,啮齿动物危害爆发可能性最低而且针对性防治最容易。3.按月轮牧(11.33土 1.45)及过牧方式(9.33±0.88)中啮齿动物数量以及群落生态各个指标最高,啮齿动物危害以及爆发几率最高。4.群落多样性较高的禁牧、过牧及连续放牧中负种间相关关系(5种)相对更多。综上所述,季节轮牧方式对呼伦贝尔大针茅草原鼠害生态防治效果最为理想。
[Abstract]:Rodents are widely distributed, Sensitivity to environmental change and simplicity of sampling methods have long been one of the hot topics of ecologists. Some natural resources, as well as grazing and human disturbances, are limiting the survival of animals. The distribution and richness of restricted resources usually influence the choice of habitat settlements. This study was conducted on the Neo-Barhu left Banner grassland of Hulunbeir City, Inner Mongolia, on May, July, September (Spring, Summer, 2013-2016). In autumn, rodent communities were investigated in four different grazing modes, including continuous grazing, overgrazing, monthly rotation, seasonal rotation and control grazing, and the number of rodents was investigated by means of marker recatch. The Shannon Wiener index, evenness index, diversity index, richness index and other ecological indexes were calculated. The seasonal differences of each ecological index were analyzed by Spss19.0. The results showed that: 1. Citrus dahuricus) was the main dominant rodent species in the rodent community, followed by Cricettus barabensis. But Phodopus sungorus) was rare in the forbidden grazing, and the number of rodents in the grassland showed a single peak in the seasonal fluctuation, and reached the highest in July (autumn). The total number of rodent individuals was significantly lower under the treatments of 6.33 卤1.86 in seasonal rotation and 5.67 卤1.76 in the forbidden grazing, and the total number of rodent individuals was significantly lower than that of the other treatments under the treatments of 6.33 卤1.86 in seasonal rotation and 5.67 卤1.76 in forbidden grazing. Moreover, the Simpson index (0.28 卤0.07), evenness index (0.80 卤0.87) and richness index (0.90 卤0.06) in seasonal rotation grazing were lower in spring. The rodent number and community ecological indexes were the highest in rodent number and community ecological index among the rodent hazards outbreak probability and the most easily targeted prevention and cure. 3. The rodent number and community ecological index were the highest among the rodent rodents and the overgrazing mode (11.33 卤1.45) and the overgrazing mode (9.33 卤0.88). The rodent harm and outbreak probability is highest. 4. 5 species of negative interspecific correlation in overgrazing and continuous grazing are more than those in forbidden grazing with high community diversity. The effect of seasonal rotation grazing on ecological control of rodent damage in Hulunbeir was the most ideal.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812

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