围产期奶牛低血糖症、高酮血症、亚临床低钙血症血液生化指标的监测

发布时间：2018-03-14 01:18

本文选题：围产期奶牛　切入点：低血糖　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究运用预防医学观点和回顾性研究，跟踪测定围产期奶牛血液生化指标，了解围产期奶牛血液生化指标变化规律；调查低血糖症、高酮血症和亚临床低血钙症奶牛的发病率；评价血液生化指标对三种疾病的诊断效用，旨在为规模化奶牛场低血糖、酮病、亚临床低血钙等生产性疾病的群体预测和早期诊断提供实验依据。本研究选取30头年龄（2-6岁）、胎次（2-4胎）相近的健康围产期荷斯坦奶牛，根据分娩时间选取产前21d、14d、7d、分娩当天和产后7d、14d、21d共7个时间点，跟踪分析围产期奶牛部分血液生化指标变化规律。另选取171头年龄（2-6岁）、胎次（2-4胎）相近的围产期奶牛，根据测定的部分血液生化指标，筛选出低血糖组（53头）、高酮血症组（10头）、亚临床低钙血症组（50头），与健康奶牛对照组进行统计学分析，找出与这三种疾病高相关性血液生化指标并进行ROC诊断评价，得出cut-off point值。最后分析疾病危险因素，以OR值评价该指标对判定疾病的危险系数。实验结果表明，该奶牛场围产期奶牛呈现低血糖（81.5%）和亚临床低钙血症（63%）的高发生率。血液学指标表明低血糖组产前2周至产后3周血糖差异显著，从产前21天至产后14天，奶牛低血糖发病率先升高后下降，在分娩当天达到发病高峰；确定了低血糖症诊断的首选指标为GLU，辅助指标及cut-point值分别为：NEFA(0.44mmol/L)、BHBA(0.34mmol/L)、TG(0.19mmol/L)、AST(53IU/L)，危险因素分别为TG(OR=2.470)、LDH(OR=0.100)、TBIL（P=0.027）、DBIL(P=0.029)、Ca（P=0.012）、Mg(P=0.008)。高酮血症组产前无发病，在产后14天达最高发生率（10%），随后下降至4.8%，从时间来看，高酮血症的发生一般在分娩后1-3周，产后14天最高；确定了高酮血症诊断的首选指标为BHBA、NEFA，辅助指标及cut-point值分别为DBIL(1.15mmol/L)、AST(73.50IU/L)；危险因素分别为NEFA（OR=7.72），，TG（OR=7.03），GGT（OR=6.71），LDH（OR=4.45），P(OR=6.23)。亚临床低钙血症组奶牛在围产期基本一直持续着低钙的发生，确定了亚临床低钙血症诊断的首选指标为Ca；辅助指标及cut-point值为P(1.99mmol/L)，危险因素分别为NEFA（OR=3.83）、GGT(6.71)、LDH(3.84)、Mg(9.57)。随着奶牛养殖业向集约化规模化方向发展，奶牛群体管理和群体疾病监测已成为影响奶牛养殖业发展的重要因素。围产期奶牛经历妊娠、分娩、泌乳3个特殊的生理状态转变，加之日粮转换以及威胁其健康的危险因素（如糖脂代谢紊乱、氧化应激和免疫抑制等）时刻伴随着围产期奶牛，使该时期奶牛维持正常的能量及矿物质代谢等面临巨大挑战。围产期奶牛血液生化指标能间接反映出该时期奶牛的健康状况，因此对奶牛养殖户和研究者来说监测围产期奶牛血液学指标能有效预测围产期奶牛群体性代谢性疾病的发生。因此，了解围产期奶牛血液生理生化代谢特征，建立完整有效的奶牛群体监测体系对预防围产期奶牛生产性疾病具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:In this study, using the viewpoint of preventive medicine and retrospective study, the blood biochemical indexes of perinatal cows were measured, and the changes of blood biochemical indexes in perinatal cows were investigated, and hypoglycemia was investigated. The incidence of hyperkolemia and subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows, and the evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of blood biochemical indicators for the three diseases, aiming at the development of a large-scale dairy farm with hypoglycemia and ketosis. Population prediction and early diagnosis of subclinical hypocalcemia and other productive diseases provide experimental basis. In this study, 30 healthy perinatal Holstein cows of 2-6 years old and 2-4 years of age were selected. According to the delivery time, they were selected for 7 days, 21 days before delivery and 14 days after delivery, and there were 7 time points on the day of delivery and 7 days after delivery, 14 days after delivery and 21 days after delivery. The changes of some blood biochemical indexes in perinatal cows were analyzed. 171 cows of the same age (2-6 years old, 2-4 births) were selected according to some of the blood biochemical indexes measured. A total of 53 patients with hypoglycemia, 10 patients with hyperkolidemia and 50 patients with subclinical hypocalcemia were selected for statistical analysis with healthy cow control group. The high correlation blood biochemical indexes with these three diseases were found and ROC diagnostic evaluation was carried out. The cut-off point value was obtained. Finally, the risk factors of disease were analyzed, and the risk coefficient of disease was evaluated by OR value. The results showed that the high incidence of hypoglycemia (81.5%) and subclinical hypocalcemia (63%) was found in the perinatal cows of the dairy farm. The hematologic indexes showed that the blood sugar levels in the hypoglycemia group were significantly different from the 2nd week to the 3rd week before and after delivery, from 21 days to 14 days after delivery. The incidence of hypoglycemia in dairy cows increased first and then decreased, and reached its peak on the day of delivery. The first choice for diagnosis of hypoglycemia was GLU, the auxiliary indexes and cut-point values were 0.44 mmol / L BHBA 0.34 mmol / L of BHBA 0.34 mmol / L ~ (0.34) mmol / L ~ (0.19) mmol / L ~ (-1) AST53 / L, respectively. The risk factors were as follows: TGOR2.470 / L, LDHOR0.100, TBILP0. 270.027DBBILP0.029CaP0. 012mg P0. 0.008. The highest incidence rate was 10% on the 14th day postpartum and then decreased to 4.8. From the point of view of the time, the incidence of hyperketoemia was generally 1-3 weeks after delivery and the highest at 14 days postpartum. The first choice for the diagnosis of hyperketonemia was determined as BHBA nefa, the auxiliary index and the cut-point value were 1. 15 mmol / L of DBILN / L, 73.50 U / L, respectively, and the risk factors were NEFAA 7. 72 TGOR7. 03 GGTOR6. 71a. The subclinical hypocalcemia dairy cows had been developing low calcium during perinatal period, respectively, and the risk factors were as follows: (1) in the subclinical hypocalcemia group, the hypocalcemia occurred continuously in the perinatal period, and the risk factors were 7. 73%, 7. 73%, 6. 71% and 6. 23%, respectively, in the subclinical hypocalcemia group. The first choice for the diagnosis of subclinical hypocalcemia was determined as Ca.The auxiliary index and cut-point value were 1.99mmol / L, and the risk factors were 3.83GGT 6.71mg 9.57, respectively. With the development of dairy cattle industry to intensive scale, group management and group disease monitoring have become the important factors that affect the development of dairy cattle industry. Three special physiological changes in lactation, combined with dietary changes and risk factors that threaten their health (such as metabolic disorders of glucose and lipid, oxidative stress and immunosuppression), are accompanied by perinatal cows. It is a great challenge to maintain the normal energy and mineral metabolism of the cows in this period. The biochemical indexes of blood in the perinatal period can indirectly reflect the health status of the cows in this period. Therefore, for dairy cattle farmers and researchers to monitor the perinatal period of cow hematologic indicators can effectively predict the occurrence of perinatal dairy cow group metabolic disease. Therefore, to understand the characteristics of perinatal cow blood physiological and biochemical metabolism, It is of great practical significance to establish a complete and effective monitoring system for dairy cows during perinatal period.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S858.23

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