断奶幼兔盲肠微生物多样性研究及两种添加剂组合对肉兔肠道健康的影响

发布时间：2018-03-16 20:07

  本文选题：肠道菌群结构　切入点：肉兔　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：家兔极易感染病原微生物而引起严重的胃肠道疾病,尤其在断奶后2~3周内。益生菌、低聚寡糖和酸化剂等抗生素替代品,可促进肠道有益菌的增殖且抑制病原微生物的生长,从而有利于维持肠道健康,本论文检测了断奶后肉兔盲肠微生物多样性,并研究了两种复合添加剂分阶段添加对肉兔肠道健康和生长性能的影响试验一采用IlluminaMiSeq测序技术分析断奶幼兔盲肠微生物的多样性本试验旨在检测断奶幼兔盲肠菌群结构及变化情况。试验选取30窝同日出生、胎次相同和平均窝重差异不显著的健康新生仔兔,于14日龄开始补饲,断奶当日(30日龄)从30窝仔兔中选取48只体重相近的健康仔兔进行单笼饲养,试验期饲粮不添加抗生素。分别于断奶当天及断奶后一周、两周和三周随机选取6只健康幼兔屠宰,无菌采集盲肠内容物,从中选取3个样本提取其中的微生物基因组DNA,采用IlluminaMiSeq测序技术检测微生物组成。结果表明:(1)幼兔盲肠微生物群落多样性指数随日龄的增长有升高的趋势(P0.10)。(2)不同日龄幼兔盲肠微生物各菌门的相对丰度差异不显著(P0.05),主要由厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和疣微菌门组成;在科水平上,厚壁菌门主要由瘤胃球菌科和毛螺旋菌科组成,拟杆菌门主要由拟杆菌科和紫单胞菌科组成;在属水平上,拟杆菌属、Barnesiella、Akkermansia、普雷沃氏菌属和四种未知菌属为优势菌属,其中,拟杆菌属和Parabacteroides在断奶当天显著高于其他日龄(P0.05)。(3)幼兔盲肠中均存在乳杆菌属,且相对丰度在各日龄组间差异不显著(P0.05)。本研究显示,断奶时健康幼兔盲肠微生物区系已基本建立,拟杆菌属丰度最大,但断奶后随着年龄的增长微生物组成趋于复杂。试验二两种添加剂组合分阶段添加对肉兔和肠道健康生长性能的影响本试验研究了两种添加剂组合(组合I:B.subtilis+2‰果寡糖;组合Ⅱ:2‰酸化剂+0.6‰精油)分阶段添加对肉兔生长性能、肠道微生物、盲肠发酵和十二指肠形态的影响。试验选取288只新生伊拉仔兔,随机分为6个处理,即对照组(饲喂基础日粮)、抗生素组(添加0.1‰杆菌肽锌)、C组(全期添加组合II)、D组(断奶前添加组合I+断奶后添加组合Ⅱ)、E组(断奶前添加组合I+断奶后两组合均添加)、F组(断奶前组合I+断奶后前2周组合Ⅱ+断奶后后2周组合I)。每个处理6个重复,每个重复8只仔兔,于15日龄开始补饲,35日龄断奶。35日龄和77日龄时从每重复选取一只接近平均体重的健康幼兔进行屠宰。结果显示:(1)处理显著影响肉兔15~77日龄期间死亡率(P0.05),且对15~35日龄期间ADG及36~77日龄期间料肉比有降低的趋势(P0.10);F组肉兔15~35日龄和15~77日龄期间腹泻率显著低于对照组和抗生素组(P0.05)。(2)处理对肉兔35日龄盲肠pH值有影响趋势(P0.10);与对照组相比,抗生素和组合I可显著降低盲肠内氨态氮浓度(P0.05),并提高乙酸浓度(P0.05);对照组盲肠内总挥发性脂肪酸的浓度显著低于其它各组(P0.05)。处理没有影响肉兔77日龄时盲肠发酵参数(P0.05)。(3)抗生素、组合Ⅱ和组合I均降低了肉兔35日龄回肠内大肠杆菌数量(P0.05);E组及F组肉兔77日龄盲肠内拟杆菌-普雷沃氏菌数量显著高于对照组、抗生素组和C组(P0.05);处理有影响肉兔77日龄盲肠总菌、35日龄盲肠大肠杆菌及拟杆菌-普雷沃氏菌数量的趋势(P0.10)。(4)断奶前添加组合I各组35日龄十二指肠VCR显著高于对照组和C组(P0.05);E组和F组肉兔77日龄十二指肠隐窝深度显著低于对照组和抗生素(P0.05),且VCR明显高于对照组和抗生素组(P0.05)。本研究表明,E组及F组中添加剂的配伍模式可促进肉兔生长,改善肠道健康。
[Abstract]:The rabbit easily infected with pathogenic microorganisms and cause serious gastrointestinal diseases, especially in 2~3 weeks after weaning. Probiotics, oligosaccharides and acidulant substitutes for antibiotics, can promote intestinal bacteria proliferation and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, to maintain intestinal health, this paper test after weaning rabbit caecum microorganism diversity, and study the two kinds of compound additive stage effects on rabbit intestinal health and growth performance test by IlluminaMiSeq sequencing analysis of diversity rabbit cecum microorganism in the test is designed to detect rabbit caecal microflora and changes. The experiment selects 30 litters born on the same day, the same parity and mean there was no significant difference between the litter weight of healthy newborn rabbits, began feeding at the age of 14, on the day of weaning (30 days old) from 30 litters in a total of 48 rabbits with similar body weight. The rabbits were reared in single cage, the test period diet without antibiotics. After weaning and weaning day in a week, two weeks and three weeks were randomly selected from 6 healthy young rabbits were slaughtered, sterile collection of cecal contents, 3 samples of microbial DNA extraction from the selection, using IlluminaMiSeq sequencing technology to detect microorganisms. The results showed that: (1) rabbit cecal microbial community diversity index increased with the increase of age increased (P0.10). (2) the relative abundance of different ages of young rabbit cecal microorganisms the bacteria door was not significant (P0.05), mainly composed of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria the door and verrucomicrobia; at family level, Firmicutes, and mainly by Ruminococcus lachnospiraceae division, Bacteroidetes is mainly composed of quasi science and purple Bacillus Aeromonas division; at genus level, Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Akkermansia, Poulet Was and sp. Four unknown bacteria were dominant genera. Among them, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides in weaning day was significantly higher than that of other age (P0.05). (3) the genus Lactobacillus have rabbit cecum, and the relative abundance in each age group no significant difference (P0.05). This study shows that the broken milk when healthy rabbits caecum microflora has been basically established, Bacteroides species abundance, but with the growth of microorganisms after weaning age composition tends to be complex. Tests of 22 kinds of additive combination stages add effect on rabbit growth performance and intestinal health of the test of two kinds of additive combination (combination of I:B.subtilis+2% FOS; combination II 2:% acidifier +0.6% oil) stages add growth performance of rabbit intestinal microorganisms, effects of cecal fermentation and duodenal morphology. The experiment selects 288 IRA newborn rabbits were randomly divided into 6 treatments: control group (feeding 鍩虹��鏃ョ伯),鎶楃敓绱犵粍(娣诲姞0.1鈥版潌鑿岃偨閿，

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