青藏高原亚高寒草甸植物群落系统发育多样性—面积关系的研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 23:15

本文选题：系统发育多样性-面积关系　切入点：物种-面积关系　出处：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着分子生物技术的发展,系统发育生物学和群落生态学逐渐融合形成一个新的研究领域一系统发育群落生态学。群落系统发育多样性(phylogenetic diversity, PD),是一种考虑了分类群之间的系统发育关系(进化历史)的生物多样性测量指标。越来越多的研究利用群落系统发育多样性来研究群落的构建机制、以及和生态系统的功能和稳定性之间的关系。然而迄今为止很少有研究来检验自然群落中系统发育多样性的空间变异。实际上,系统发育多样性一面积关系(PDAR)与物种-面积关系(SAR)类似,描述的是局域群落的系统发育多样性随取样面积增加而变化的规律。系统发育多样性-面积关系与物种一面积关系结合,可以为群落构建机制提供更加全面的信息。本文以青藏高原亚高寒草甸两种不同生境下(自然和放牧)植物群落中物种的空间分布信息为研究对象,采用空间点过程模型模拟不同生态学过程下的群落的SARs和PDARs,揭示青藏高原亚高寒草甸植物群落的构建机制。我们使用三个空间点过程模型即同质泊松分布,异质泊松分布和同质Thomas分布分别表示三个生态学过程：随机过程、生境过滤、扩散限制。通过模型拟合和模拟,我们发现扩散限制假说能够很好地解释观测到的SARs和PDARs,因此我们推断扩散限制可能是形成青藏高原亚高寒草甸植物群落物种多样性和群落系统发育结构的主要过程。最后通过检验物种垂穗披碱草的空间分布我们发现它在空间上呈聚集分布,同时同质Thomas分布能够很好的拟合其空间分布格局,也验证了扩散限制假说在种群水平上能够很好地解释物种分布格局。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of molecular biology, developmental biology and community ecology system gradually formed by the fusion of community ecology and development of a new field of research system. The diversity of the community development system (phylogenetic, diversity, PD) is a consideration of the system classification between phylogenetic (evolutionary history) biodiversity the measurement index. More and more research to study the construction of community development diversity mechanism with community system, and the relationships between function and stability of ecosystem. However, so far there have been few studies to examine the spatial variability of phylogenetic diversity of natural communities in the area. In fact, a diversity of phylogenetic relationship (PDAR) and the species area (SAR), describes the system development of local community diversity with the sampling area increases with the variation of system development. The diversity of surface The relationship between product and species area relationship with, can provide more comprehensive information for the community construction mechanism. A sub alpine meadow of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau in two different habitats (natural and grazing) spatial distribution of species in plant communities as the research object, using the spatial point process model to simulate different ecological processes under the community SARs and PDARs, reveal the mechanism of plant communities in alpine meadow of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. We use three spatial point process model is homogeneous Poisson distribution, heterogeneous Poisson distribution and homogeneous Thomas distribution represent three ecology stochastic processes, habitat filtering, diffusion limitations. Through the model fitting and simulation, we find that the diffusion limitation hypothesis can a good explanation of the observed SARs and PDARs, so we concluded that the diffusion limitation may be the formation of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau sub alpine meadow plant community species diversity The main process of structure development and community system. We found it are gathered in space distribution space finally by examining the species of Elymus nutans, and homogeneous Thomas distribution to the spatial distribution pattern of good fitting, also verified the diffusion limitation hypothesis in population level can well explain the species distribution pattern.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812

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