我国牛奶安全生产现状及对策

发布时间：2018-03-21 07:49

本文选题：产奶量　切入点：牧草　出处：《草业科学》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：近15年来,我国牛奶总产量和人均占有量有两个变化阶段:2000-2007年为快速增长期,年均增幅分别达22.64%和21.97%;2008年"三聚氰胺"奶粉事件至今是缓慢增长期,年均增幅仅分别为0.72%和0.49%;目前较2000年分别增加了4.35和4.11倍,但牛奶产量只有美国的1/3、印度的1/2,人均牛奶占有量不到美国的1/10、印度的1/2。我国城乡居民人均乳品消费量均随牛奶产量和乳品进口量增加呈线性上升,年均增幅分别为5.35%和15.77%。国内牛奶产量显著影响乡村居民乳品消费,乳制品进口量对城乡居民消费均有显著作用。比较分析国内外经验与教训,我国牛奶生产体系要加快牧草种植-奶牛养殖-牛奶加工-奶品销售的纵向的系统耦合,同时加强诸多生产单位通过契约的横向的系统耦合;根据草地农业的理论,建立从水土保持到餐桌的乳品生产监管保障体系,改进以饲草种植和奶牛养殖为基础的奶业产业链的收益分配机制,发挥草地-奶牛系统的综合优势。
[Abstract]:In the past 15 years, the total milk output and the per capita share of milk in China have two stages of change: the period 2000-2007 is a period of rapid growth, with an average annual growth rate of 22.64% and 21.97.The incident of "melamine" milk powder in 2008 has been a period of slow growth. The average annual growth rate was only 0.72% and 0.49, respectively; at present, it is 4.35 and 4.11 times higher than in 2000, But milk production is only one third of that in the United States, one second of that in India, less than one tenth of that in the United States per capita, and one percent two percent in India. With the increase in milk production and dairy imports, the per capita dairy consumption of urban and rural residents in China has increased linearly. The average annual growth rate is 5.35% and 15.77 respectively. The domestic milk production significantly affects the dairy consumption of rural residents, and the import of dairy products plays a significant role in the consumption of both urban and rural residents. China's milk production system should speed up the vertical system coupling of forage planting, dairy cattle breeding, milk processing and milk marketing, and strengthen the horizontal system coupling of many production units through contracts; according to the theory of grassland agriculture, To establish the dairy production supervision and security system from soil and water conservation to table, to improve the income distribution mechanism of dairy industry chain based on forage planting and dairy cattle breeding, and to give play to the comprehensive superiority of grassland and dairy cow system.
【作者单位】：草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室兰州大学草地农业科技学院;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项课题(20120304205) 长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT13019) 甘肃省退牧还草工程科技支撑项目(2015620111000485)
【分类号】：F326.3

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